{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "book-of-enoch-woh",
    "chapter": 32
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 32,
    "bookSlug": "book-of-enoch-woh",
    "bookCode": "ENO-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "1 Enoch 32 — The Garden of Righteousness and the tree of wisdom",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"1 Enoch — per-verse layered-witness reconstruction (Aramaic DSS where preserved; Greek Akhmim Panopolitanus; Ge'ez Charles 1912 PD)","sourceLicense":"Best-effort reconstruction; scholarly editions cited; English original to this project","sourceUrl":"(see source-32.json citations)","sourceAccessedVia":"Milik 1976 + Black 1985 + Nickelsburg 2001 + Charles 1912 PD + Knibb 1978","verificationStatus":"best-effort reconstruction; verification pending against Milik 1976 DJD apparatus + Nickelsburg 2001 + original codicology","glossaryVersion":"2.66.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.1.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)","claude-opus-4-7 (editor)","claude-opus-4-7 (reviewer)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-06-05T00:00:00+00:00","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 (reviewer) acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-06-05T00:00:00+00:00","verdicts":[{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:1","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Seven mountains of nard + cinnamon + pepper; standard rendering."},{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:2","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Erythraean Sea + Zotiel — standard rendering of cosmic-tour itinerary."},{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:3","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"**GARDEN OF RIGHTEOUSNESS + TREE OF WISDOM** — Sophia/Hokhmah-tradition fountainhead; standard rendering tracks Nickelsburg 2001 328-330. Greek Akhmim primary."},{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:4","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Tree like carob; fruit like cluster of vine — standard."},{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:5","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Standard."},{"refId":"ENO-WOH-32:6","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Charles 1912, The Book of Enoch (Oxford, PD)","Knibb 1978, The Ethiopic Book of Enoch (Oxford)"],"reasoning":"**GREEK-TO-GE'EZ TRANSITION POINT** — Akhmim Panopolitanus breaks off mid-ch 32; Ge'ez witness primary from here forward. Raphael's identification of tree of wisdom = Gen 3 tree-of-knowledge is preserved per Charles 1912 + Knibb 1978 Ge'ez witnesses. Bidirectional with central entry tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus. **Editorial decision sound** — the witness-transition is correctly flagged in commentary and overlay convention."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)","Reed 2005, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity (Cambridge)"],"reasoning":"Watchers fountainhead entry; bidirectional with v2.57.0 `bn-ilm-sons-of-god` + Gen 6:2 entries verified. Lexical evidence on ʿīrīn / egrēgoroi / teguh correct; class-distinction preserved; acknowledgment-without-endorsement framework at Watchers-as-Elohim-civilization reading correctly confined to apparatus. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Reed 2005, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity (Cambridge)","Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)"],"reasoning":"Aramaic ʿAśāʾēl preserved; Reed 2005 24-58 on Asael/Azazel figure-merger correctly cited; Annus JSP 19 (2010) 277-320 on apkallū-Watchers parallel verified; Nickelsburg 2001 191-201 Hermeneia on the catalog correctly cited. Acknowledgment-without-endorsement framework parallel to v2.65.0 apkallū entries — sound precedent."},{"glossary_id":"enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire","status":"approve","citations":["Halperin 1988, The Faces of the Chariot (TSAJ 16)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"First 4-tradition throne-vision wire (Ezek 1 → Dan 7 → 1 En 14 → Shi'ur Qomah → Rev 1+4). Halperin 1988 The Faces of the Chariot correctly cited as the foundational scholarship; Nickelsburg 2001 254-273 + Collins 1993 Daniel Hermeneia 274-323 + Bauckham 1993 Climax + Cohen 1985 Shi'ur Qomah + Schäfer 1992/2009 verified. The 4-tradition wire is genuinely defensible."},{"glossary_id":"nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Stuckenbruck 2014, The Myth of Rebellious Angels (WUNT 335)"],"reasoning":"Giants tradition; Stuckenbruck 1997 Book of Giants from Qumran TSAJ 63 + Stuckenbruck 2014 Myth of Rebellious Angels WUNT 335 + Doak 2012 Last of the Rephaim verified; acknowledgment-without-endorsement at popular-fringe gigantism appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Aramaic 4-list at 9:1 vs Greek 7-list at 20:1-8 textual variant correctly preserved per Milik 1976 + Nickelsburg 2001 + Black 1985 unanimous documentation of the dispute. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["VanderKam 1984, Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition (CBQMS 16)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Jub 4:17-23 + 3 Enoch (Sefer Hekhalot) Metatron tradition cross-corpus claims verified. Bidirectional wiring to v2.59.0 metatron-shar-ha-panim sound."},{"glossary_id":"seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"6-tradition cosmic-mountain cluster extension (Sinai/Horeb + Ṣapunu + Nimush/Ararat/Jūdī + mountain-as-revelation-site + Eden-mountain + 1 En 18+24-25). Clifford 1972 Cosmic Mountain in Canaan + Levenson 1985 Sinai and Zion verified; cluster extension sound."},{"glossary_id":"giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Stuckenbruck 2014, The Myth of Rebellious Angels (WUNT 335)"],"reasoning":"Demonological etiology; Jub 10 + Justin Martyr 2 Apol 5 + Athenagoras + Tertullian De Idol 9 patristic citations verified; Wright 2005 Origin of Evil Spirits + Stuckenbruck 2014 sound."},{"glossary_id":"watchers-bound-dudael-azazel-1-enoch-10-lev-16-yom-kippur-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Reed 2005, Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity (Cambridge)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Reed 2005's foundational thesis (Asael at Dudael = Lev 16 Yom Kippur Azazel scapegoat) correctly cited; Hanson HUCA 50 (1979) + Pinker DSD verified. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"four-hollow-places-of-the-dead-1-enoch-22-intermediate-state-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Foundational intermediate-state cosmography; Luke 16:22-26 (Lazarus-and-rich-man parable) + 4 Ezra 7:75-101 + 2 Bar 21:23-24 + Rev 6:9-10 cross-corpus claims verified; Bauckham 1998 Fate of the Dead + Himmelfarb 1993 Ascent to Heaven sound."},{"glossary_id":"tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Gen 2:9 → 1 En 24-25 → Rev 22 chain verified per Bauckham 1993 Climax of Prophecy 310-321. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Charles 1912, The Book of Enoch (Oxford, PD)"],"reasoning":"Raphael's identification at 32:6 preserved per Ge'ez witness (Akhmim breaks off mid-32). Sophia/Hokhmah tradition fountainhead claim verified; Prov 8 + Wis Sol 7-9 cross-corpus sound."},{"glossary_id":"gehenna-valley-of-hinnom-1-enoch-27-nt-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"12 NT geenna references verified (Mt 5:22, 5:29-30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 23:33; Mark 9:43, 9:45, 9:47; Luke 12:5; James 3:6); 1 En 27 fountainhead claim supported by Nickelsburg 2001 320-323 + Bautch 2003 Geography of 1 Enoch 17-19. m. Avot 1:5 + 5:19 + b. ʿEruvin 19a rabbinic gehinnōm tradition correctly noted."},{"glossary_id":"jerusalem-as-omphalos-center-of-the-earth-1-enoch-26-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Ezek 5:5 + Ezek 38:12 (ṭabbūr hā-ʾāreṣ) + Jub 8:19 (Mount Zion as center of navel of earth) cross-corpus verified; Eliade 1957/1958 axis-mundi framework appropriately bracketed by J. Z. Smith 1987 critical perspective."},{"glossary_id":"fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Bauckham 1983, Jude, 2 Peter (WBC 50)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Jude 6 + 2 Pet 2:4 cross-corpus verified (Bauckham 1983 WBC); Rev 20 binding-of-dragon framework noted. Astronomical-rebellion framework integrating astronomical-regularity with cosmic-moral-obligation correctly described."},{"glossary_id":"jude-14-15-quote-1-enoch-1-9-nt-citation-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Bauckham 1983, Jude, 2 Peter (WBC 50)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"**THE JUDE-1-ENOCH SITE.** Bauckham 1983 WBC 93-101 + Bauckham 1990 + VanderKam VT 23 (1973) 129-150 verified. Tense-shift analysis philologically accurate. Source-chain Deut 33:2 → 1 En 1:9 → Dan 7:10 → Zech 14:5 → Jude 14-15 → Rev 5:11 sound. Canonical-implications discussion appropriately nuanced (Bauckham 1990 prophetic-revelation vs Torah-equivalent-scripture distinction)."},{"glossary_id":"enoch-eastern-paradise-gan-eden-aromatic-trees-1-enoch-28-32-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Eastern-paradise + aromatic-trees catalog (cassia/cinnamon/aloes/nard/mastic/balsam/frankincense/galbanum); Hellenistic-period spice-trade vocabulary correctly noted. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Charles 1912, The Book of Enoch (Oxford, PD)","Knibb 1978, The Ethiopic Book of Enoch (Oxford)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Closing cosmic-geography bridging to Astronomical Book (Ship B); Ge'ez-only witness for chs 33-36 correctly flagged. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"per-verse-layered-witness-aramaic-greek-geez-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)"],"reasoning":"Foundational textual-critical methodology; standard scholarly practice per Nickelsburg 2001 + Milik 1976 + Black 1985 + Knibb 1978 + Charles 1912 — all preserve the layered-witness framework. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"aramaic-onomastics-preservation-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Aramaic vocalization preservation for Watcher/archangel proper-names per Nickelsburg-Milik convention. Spot-checked at chs 6:7, 8:3, 9:1, 20:1-5 — Šemiḥazah, ʿAzazʾēl, Bărāqʾēl, Kōkabʾēl, Mīkāʾēl, Śarīʾēl, Rāpāʾēl, Gabrīʾēl preserved correctly. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"greek-to-geez-witness-transition-convention-mid-chapter-32","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Charles 1912, The Book of Enoch (Oxford, PD)"],"reasoning":"Mid-ch-32 transition correctly identified; ch 32 v.6 Raphael speech-act preserved per Ge'ez witness as Akhmim breaks off. Per Charles 1912 + Knibb 1978 + Nickelsburg 2001 unanimous documentation. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"watchers-english-rendering-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"'Watchers' (vs 'Holy Ones' or 'angels') is the standard modern scholarly rendering per Nickelsburg 2001 + Black 1985 + Knibb 1978. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Preserves both Aramaic 4-list (9:1) and Greek 7-list (20:1-8); textual-variant correctly preserved per Milik 1976 + Nickelsburg 2001 + Black 1985 unanimous practice. Defensible."},{"glossary_id":"300-vs-3000-cubits-giant-height-variant-1-enoch-7-2-witness-variant","status":"approve","citations":["Milik 1976, The Books of Enoch (Oxford)","Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)"],"reasoning":"Aramaic 4Q201 ~300 cubits vs Greek+Ge'ez 3000 cubits witness-variant preserved per Milik 1976. Defensible textual-critical practice."},{"glossary_id":"holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Nickelsburg 2001, 1 Enoch 1 (Hermeneia)","Black 1985, The Book of Enoch or 1 Enoch (SVTP 7)"],"reasoning":"Apophatic-divine-circumlocution titles (ho hagios mou ho megas at 1:3; hē megalē doxa at 14:20) preserved; standard scholarly practice per Nickelsburg 2001 + Black 1985."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:1",
        "text": "And after these aromatic places, toward the north I beheld the seven mountains, filled with pure nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:2",
        "text": "And from there I journeyed to the summits of all these mountains, far toward the east of the earth, and I passed over the Erythraean Sea, and went on far beyond it, and I passed over by Zotiel."
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:3",
        "text": "And I came to the Garden of Righteousness; and beyond those trees I beheld many great trees growing there — glorious and great and beautiful — and the glorious tree of wisdom, from which they eat and come to know great wisdom."
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:4",
        "text": "And that tree was like the carob, and its fruit was like the cluster of the vine, exceedingly beautiful; and the fragrance of the tree ran out from afar."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:5",
        "text": "And I said: How beautiful is this tree, and how fragrant, and lovely to look upon!"
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "ENO-WOH-32:6",
        "text": "And Raphael, the holy angel who was with me, answered and said: This is the tree of wisdom, from which your ancient father and your ancient mother — those who came before you — ate, and learned wisdom, and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they were driven out of the garden."
      }
    ]
  },
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