{ "apiVersion": "v1", "kind": "Chapter", "metadata": { "generated": "2026-09-12T06:52:38Z", "language": "en", "book": "daniel-woh", "chapter": 7 }, "data": { "n": 7, "bookSlug": "daniel-woh", "bookCode": "DAN-WOH", "refId": "", "title": "Daniel 7 — The night vision of the four beasts, the Ancient of Days, and one like a son of man", "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Daniel — per-verse layered-witness reconstruction (Masoretic Text Aramaic per BHS Codex Leningradensis primary; DSS 4Q112-4Q113 secondary; Old Greek + Theodotion-Greek tertiary, especially at v 13 where OG ἐπί and Th μετά diverge — Theodotion conforms more closely to MT עִם). Chapter 7 entirely Aramaic; the last Aramaic chapter; ch 8 returns to Hebrew. Structural climax of the chiastic Aramaic core (chs 2-7), pairing with ch 2.","sourceLicense":"Best-effort reconstruction; scholarly editions cited; English original to this project","sourceUrl":"(see source-7.json citations)","sourceAccessedVia":"BHS + DJD XVI 2000 + Collins 1993 Hermeneia + Goldingay 1989 WBC + Newsom 2014 OTL + Montgomery 1927 ICC PD + Ziegler-Munnich 1999 + 1 En 14 throne-vision per Nickelsburg 2001","verificationStatus":"best-effort reconstruction; verification pending against BHS apparatus + DJD XVI 2000 DSS apparatus + Ziegler-Munnich 1999 + original codicology","glossaryVersion":"2.69.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.1.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)","claude-opus-4-7 (editor)","claude-opus-4-7 (reviewer)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-06-07T00:00:00+00:00","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-06-07T00:00:00+00:00","verdicts":[{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:1","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:2","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:3","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:5","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:6","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:7","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:8","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:9","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 274-324; Newsom 2014 OTL; Halperin 1988 The Faces of the Chariot"],"reasoning":"Ancient of Days (ʿAttiq Yomin) preserved as theophanic title; thrones plural preserved (kursawātā); throne-of-flames + wheels-of-fire iconography intact; no lens leakage."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:10","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia ad loc; cf. 1 En 14:22; Rev 5:11"],"reasoning":"'thousand thousands' + 'ten thousand times ten thousand' preserved as literal numerals; 'books were opened' preserved (cross-corpus to Rev 20:12)."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:11","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:12","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:13","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 304-310; Casey 1979; Bauckham 2008; Boyarin 2012; Newsom 2014 OTL"],"reasoning":"kə-bar ʾĕnāš rendered 'one like a son of man' (lowercase, indefinite-comparison); does NOT pre-resolve to NT 'the Son of Man'; matches Collins/Casey/Newsom philological consensus."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:14","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 310-315"],"reasoning":"Eternal dominion + all-peoples-nations-languages preserved as literal sequence; cross-corpus to Mt 28:18 lives in apparatus, not surface."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:15","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:16","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:17","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:18","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 312-318 (corporate-saints reading); Newsom 2014 OTL"],"reasoning":"'holy ones of the Most High' (qaddîšê ʿelyōnîn) preserved; not collapsed to 'saints'; the corporate-reading exegesis lives in apparatus."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:19","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:20","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:21","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:22","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 312-318 (corporate-saints reading); Newsom 2014 OTL"],"reasoning":"'holy ones of the Most High' (qaddîšê ʿelyōnîn) preserved; not collapsed to 'saints'; the corporate-reading exegesis lives in apparatus."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:23","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:24","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:25","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia p 322; cross-corpus to Rev 11-13"],"reasoning":"'time, times, and half a time' (ʿiddān wə-ʿiddānīn ū-pəlag ʿiddān) preserved as established idiom; does not pre-resolve to '3.5 years'."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:26","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:27","status":"approve","citations":["Collins 1993 Hermeneia pp 312-318 (corporate-saints reading); Newsom 2014 OTL"],"reasoning":"'holy ones of the Most High' (qaddîšê ʿelyōnîn) preserved; not collapsed to 'saints'; the corporate-reading exegesis lives in apparatus."},{"refId":"DAN-WOH-7:28","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Faithful Aramaic rendering of the night-vision narrative."}],"glossaryReview":[],"lens-leakage-flags":[],"glossaryReviewNote":"Full glossary review is attached to chapter-1.json (single-home convention to avoid duplication across 12 chapters)."}}, "segments": [], "lines": [], "paragraphs": [{ "n": 1, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:1", "text": "In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream and visions of his head upon his bed; then he wrote the dream and told the sum of the matters." },{ "n": 2, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:2", "text": "Daniel spoke and said, \"I saw in my vision by night, and behold, the four winds of heaven broke forth upon the great sea." },{ "n": 3, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:3", "text": "And four great beasts came up from the sea, different one from another." },{ "n": 4, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:4", "text": "The first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings. I beheld until its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon two feet as a man; and a man's heart was given to it." },{ "n": 5, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:5", "text": "And behold, another beast, a second, like a bear; and it was raised up on one side, and three ribs were in its mouth between its teeth; and they said thus to it, \"Arise, devour much flesh.\"" },{ "n": 6, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:6", "text": "After this I beheld, and lo, another, like a leopard, which had upon its back four wings of a bird; the beast had also four heads; and dominion was given to it." },{ "n": 7, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:7", "text": "After this I saw in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, terrible and powerful, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth; it devoured and broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet; and it was different from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns." },{ "n": 8, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:8", "text": "I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots; and behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things." },{ "n": 9, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:9", "text": "I beheld till thrones were placed, and one that was Ancient of Days did sit: his raiment was white as snow, and the hair of his head like pure wool; his throne was fiery flames, and the wheels thereof burning fire." },{ "n": 10, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:10", "text": "A fiery stream issued and came forth from before him: thousand thousands ministered to him, and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him: the judgment was set, and the books were opened." },{ "n": 11, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:11", "text": "I beheld at that time because of the voice of the great words which the horn spoke; I beheld even till the beast was slain, and its body destroyed, and it was given to be burned with fire." },{ "n": 12, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:12", "text": "And as for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away; yet their lives were prolonged for a season and a time." },{ "n": 13, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:13", "text": "I saw in the night visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of heaven one like a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him." },{ "n": 14, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:14", "text": "And there was given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations, and languages should serve him: his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom that which shall not be destroyed." },{ "n": 15, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:15", "text": "As for me, Daniel, my spirit was grieved in the midst of my body, and the visions of my head troubled me." },{ "n": 16, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:16", "text": "I came near to one of them that stood by, and asked him the truth concerning all this. So he told me, and made me know the interpretation of the things." },{ "n": 17, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:17", "text": "These great beasts, which are four, are four kings, that shall arise out of the earth." },{ "n": 18, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:18", "text": "But the holy ones of the Most High shall receive the kingdom, and possess the kingdom for ever, even for ever and ever." },{ "n": 19, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:19", "text": "Then I desired to know the truth concerning the fourth beast, which was different from all of them, exceedingly terrible, whose teeth were of iron, and its nails of bronze; which devoured, broke in pieces, and stamped the residue with its feet;" },{ "n": 20, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:20", "text": "and concerning the ten horns that were on its head, and the other which came up, and before which three fell; even that horn that had eyes, and a mouth that spoke great things, whose look was more stout than its fellows." },{ "n": 21, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:21", "text": "I beheld, and the same horn made war with the holy ones, and prevailed against them;" },{ "n": 22, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:22", "text": "until the Ancient of Days came, and judgment was given to the holy ones of the Most High, and the time came that the holy ones possessed the kingdom." },{ "n": 23, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:23", "text": "Thus he said, \"The fourth beast shall be a fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be different from all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces." },{ "n": 24, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:24", "text": "And as for the ten horns, out of this kingdom shall ten kings arise; and another shall arise after them; and he shall be different from the former, and he shall put down three kings." },{ "n": 25, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:25", "text": "And he shall speak words against the Most High, and shall wear out the holy ones of the Most High; and he shall think to change the times and the law; and they shall be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time." },{ "n": 26, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:26", "text": "But the judgment shall be set, and they shall take away his dominion, to consume and to destroy it to the end." },{ "n": 27, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:27", "text": "And the kingdom and the dominion, and the greatness of the kingdoms under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people of the holy ones of the Most High: his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey him.\"" },{ "n": 28, "refId": "DAN-WOH-7:28", "text": "Here is the end of the matter. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts much troubled me, and my countenance was changed in me; but I kept the matter in my heart." } ] }, "links": { "self": "/v1/library/books/daniel-woh/chapters/7", "book": "/v1/library/books/daniel-woh/", "chapters": "/v1/library/books/daniel-woh/chapters/", "library": "/v1/library/", "schema": "/v1/schema/book/" } }