{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "flood-story-woh",
    "chapter": 1
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 1,
    "bookSlug": "flood-story-woh",
    "bookCode": "FLS-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "The Flood Story — Ziusudra's survival of the divine deluge; the fragmentary Sumerian counterpart to Genesis 6-9",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","status":"stable","sourceText":"ETCSL composite text (1.7.4)","sourceLicense":"ETCSL scholarly source; English original to this project","sourceUrl":"https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.1.7.4","sourceAccessedVia":"etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi","glossaryVersion":"2.54.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.1.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:1","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 composite text apparatus; Civil, *The Sumerian Flood Story* in Lambert-Millard 1969 138-145"],"reasoning":"Source token *im-ĝa2-ĝa2* glosses as 'to place' (imperfective); subject genuinely unrecoverable from the lacuna context. ETCSL leaves near-untranslatable; rendering 'he was placing [...]' is the standard ETCSL surface."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:2","status":"approve","citations":["Civil 1969 on FLS-WOH-A:2; PSD electronic *nam-lu2-ulu3* and *ḫa-lam*"],"reasoning":"*nam-lu2-ulu3-ĝu10* + *ḫa-lam-ma-bi-a* parses as 'my humankind, in its being-lost'; first-person-resolve construction defensible. Foreshadowing of C:23 *ḫa-lam* destruction-decree noted in commentary is sound."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:3","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL composite text c.1.7.4 line A:3; Wiggermann *RlA* 9 222-227 *Nin-ḫursaĝ*"],"reasoning":"*^dnin-tur5* = Nintur (birth-goddess); source tokens confirm. Translation 'For Nintur, my creatures — in their [placing] I will restore them' is ETCSL-register; *niĝ2-dim2-dim2-ma* = 'creatures' confirmed by source gloss."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:4","status":"approve","citations":["Civil 1969 on A:4; ETCSL c.1.7.4"],"reasoning":"*uĝ3 ki-ur3-bi-ta ... gur-ru-ne* = 'I will return the people from their foundations' — *uĝ3* 'people', *ki-ur3* 'foundation', *gur* 'to turn / return' all confirmed in source tokens."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:5","status":"approve","citations":["PSD electronic *dub2*; Jacobsen *The Harps That Once...* 1987; ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:5"],"reasoning":"*dub2* admits both 'refresh/cool' and 'tremble' readings; surface follows ETCSL/Jacobsen/Black et al. default ('refresh'); alternative preserved in i18n._note_alt and overlay entry `dub-shade-refresh-vs-tremble-crux`. Lexical crux honestly surfaced."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:6","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:6; Civil 1969 on the brick-cast formula"],"reasoning":"*iri me-a šeg12-bi ki kug-ga ḫe2-em-mi-in-šub* literal 'cast the bricks of our cities... on holy ground' — *šeg12* 'brick(work)' + *kug* 'shining/pure/holy' tokens confirm."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:7","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL composite text apparatus c.1.7.4 A:7"],"reasoning":"ETCSL restoration *ki-eš-bar* 'place of (divine) decisions' is consensus; overlay entry `ki-eshbar-place-of-divine-decision` surfaces the restoration honestly."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:8","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:8 apparatus"],"reasoning":"Partially-obscure line; ETCSL preserves KUG^? and A as unparsed signs; preserved continuation 'water, the thing that extinguishes fire' is faithful to *niĝ2 izi ten-na* token gloss. Brackets handled per convention."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:9","status":"approve","citations":["Farber-Flügge *Der Mythos Inanna und Enki* 1973 on *me*; ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:9"],"reasoning":"*ĝarza me maḫ šu mi-ni-ib-šu-du7* — 'perfected the rites and august divine offices'; *me* central entry already exists; alternative literal rendering preserved in i18n._note_alt."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:10","status":"approve","citations":["AHw šalāmu; HALOT shalom; ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:10"],"reasoning":"*ki a im-ma-ab-dug4 silim ga-mu-ni-in-ĝar* — 'commanded water for the land; I will establish well-being'. *silim* well-being commentary acknowledges Akkadian/Semitic cognate field accurately."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:11","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard *Atra-ḫasīs* 1969 on Atrahasis I.i.6-15; George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 on XI.14-19; Cross 1973 chap. 7"],"reasoning":"Divine-quartet An/Enlil/Enki/Ninḫursaĝa exact source-token match; central entry on the quartet documents the cross-corpus Atrahasis I.i.6-15 and Gilgamesh XI.14-19 council, with Hebrew-singular shift noted as named-scholarship (Cross, Smith, Frymer-Kensky)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:12","status":"approve","citations":["Jacobsen *Treasures of Darkness* 1976; Westenholz *Legends of the Kings of Akkade* 1997; central entry's named-scholarship disavowal"],"reasoning":"*saĝ gig2-ga* 'black-headed' confirmed by source tokens. Central entry on Sumerian self-designation includes explicit disavowal of racial-anthropological / founding-race readings; cross-corpus Akkadian *ṣalmāt qaqqadi* and Hebrew *bnei Adam* as functional-parallel, not lexical-cognate. Defensible."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:13","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:13"],"reasoning":"*niĝ2-gilim ki-ta ki-ta mu-lu-lu* — 'the small animals multiplied from the ground in every place' — verb *lu* 'be abundant' reduplicated for intensified-aspect confirmed."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-A:14","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:14; Walton *Genesis 1 as Ancient Cosmology* 2011"],"reasoning":"*maš2-anše niĝ2-ur2-4 edin-na me-te-a-aš bi2-ib2-ĝal2* — 'herd-beasts... set as fitting ornament of the open country'. Hebrew Genesis 1:24-25 / tov me'od parallel framed as comparative-mythology only."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:1","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:1"],"reasoning":"Single preserved *mu-un-* verbal prefix; unrecoverable bracket-rendering correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:2","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:2"],"reasoning":"Unparsed AM3 sign-cluster; bracket-rendering correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:3","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:3"],"reasoning":"*de5* 'to give counsel' + cohortative; faithful to source."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:4","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis I.i *dullu*; CAD D 173-177"],"reasoning":"*du-lum* = divine-toil cross-corpus (*dullu*); folded into existing central entry `du-lum-dullu-divine-toil-relieved-by-humans-cross-corpus`; cross-corpus Atrahasis I.i toil-pericope accurately framed."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:5","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:5"],"reasoning":"*šidim* 'builder' + *kalam* 'the Land' + *uš gen6* 'firm foundation' all faithful to tokens; *kalam* existing central entry."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:6","status":"approve","citations":["Jacobsen *Sumerian King List* AS 11 1939; ETCSL c.2.1.1 King List opening; Brettler *God Is King* 1989"],"reasoning":"*nam-lugal an-ta ed-de-a-ba* — THE foundational Sumerian King List opening formula; central entry includes explicit Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-kings* disavowal. The Hebrew Exod 15:18 / *malkhut shamayim* / covenanted-kingship comparandum is framed as functional-parallel, not philologically-cognate."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:7","status":"approve","citations":["Frankfort *Kingship and the Gods* 1948; Brettler 1989"],"reasoning":"*men maḫ ĝišgu-za nam-lugal-la* regalia couplet; overlay entry `men-gu-za-nam-lugal-crown-and-throne-of-kingship-regalia-formula` documents Hebrew *keter*/*kisse melekh* as functional-parallel only with explicit technology-gift disavowal."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:8","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:8"],"reasoning":"*me maḫ* creation-summary formula recurs from A:9; me central entry covers."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:9","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:9"],"reasoning":"Brick-cast on holy-ground inclusio (recurs A:6); standard formula."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:10","status":"approve","citations":["Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973; Smith *Origins of Biblical Monotheism* 2001"],"reasoning":"*kab dug-ga ba-ḫal-ḫal-la* allotment-by-gauged-measure; overlay entry documents the administrative-juridical idiom faithfully; Hebrew *goral / cheleq* divine-allotment cross-corpus framed as structural-thematic, not lexical-cognate."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:11","status":"approve","citations":["Green *Eridu in Sumerian Literature* PhD Chicago 1975; Glassner *Mesopotamian Chronicles* 2004"],"reasoning":"Eridug + Nudimmud (Enki-fashioner-epithet): source tokens confirm; five-antediluvian-cities central entry archaeologically grounded (Tell Abu Shahrein) with explicit no-pre-flood-civilization-evidence operational discipline. Defensible philological-and-archaeological."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:12","status":"approve","citations":["Assante 'The kar.kid / ḫarimtu' UF 30 1998; Budin *The Myth of Sacred Prostitution* 2008"],"reasoning":"Bad-tibira + *nu-gig* (high-status woman; most-plausibly Inana under nu-gig epithet). Central entry `nu-gig-high-status-woman-sacred-class-cross-corpus` follows modern revisionist scholarship (Assante 1998, Budin 2008) on the deprecation of 'sacred prostitute' rendering."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:13","status":"approve","citations":["Krebernik *RlA* 10 (2003-2005) 160-167 *Pabilsag(a)*"],"reasoning":"Larag + Pabilsaĝ; manuscript variant «ḫur» collapsed per project-wide convention; overlay entry `pabilsag-bowman-deity-larag-founder-divinity` documents the zodiacal-Sagittarius reception accurately."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:14","status":"approve","citations":["Krebernik *RlA* 12 599-611 *Utu / Šamaš*; Taylor *Yahweh and the Sun* JSOTSup 111, 1993"],"reasoning":"Zimbir + Utu (the young hero); source tokens confirm *šul* 'young man' + *^dutu*; project's first single-divinity central entry. Hebrew *shemesh* cult-name fossils framed as anti-Mesopotamian-sun-cult polemic per consensus scholarship."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:15","status":"approve","citations":["Westenholz *RlA* 12 (2009-2011) 626-632 *Šuruppak*; Black et al. 2004 *Literature of Ancient Sumer* 264-269"],"reasoning":"Šuruppag + Sud (pre-Ninlil name of Enlil's spouse); home-city of Ziusudra. Cross-corpus to Gilgamesh XI.11 and Instructions of Shuruppak (ETCSL 5.6.1)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:16","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:16"],"reasoning":"Inclusio close of B:10 formula; standard."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:17","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:17 apparatus"],"reasoning":"Partially-obscure with unparsed IM/GUN2^? signs; bracket-rendering correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-B:18","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 B:18"],"reasoning":"*id2 tur-tur* smaller watercourses + *šu luḫ* cleansing-channels; technical-irrigation vocabulary faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:1","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:1"],"reasoning":"*ki-tuš an-na* dwelling-place of heaven; standard."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:2","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:2"],"reasoning":"Single verbal-prefix preserved; bracket correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:3","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on *abūbu*; Tsumura *Creation and Destruction* 2005; HALOT *mabbūl*"],"reasoning":"*a-ma-ru* first explicit flood-mention; central entry covers Sumerian/Akkadian/Hebrew three-way cluster with explicit disavowal of Younger-Dryas / Burckle-Crater popular-fringe readings. Etymological-cognate status of Akkadian-Hebrew (Driver/Tsumura) honestly debated."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:4","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:4"],"reasoning":"*nam-lu2-ulu3* humankind preserved; existing central entry."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:5","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:5"],"reasoning":"*ur5-gin7 bi2-in-ak* 'thus it was done'; narrative-summary formula correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:6","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:6"],"reasoning":"*ud-bi-a Nintur ... DIM2* fashioning; central Nintur epithet-cluster covers."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:7","status":"approve","citations":["Michalowski *Lamentation over Sumer and Ur* MC 1, 1989; Dobbs-Allsopp *Weep, O Daughter of Zion* BibOr 44, 1993"],"reasoning":"*kug ^dinana-ke4 uĝ3-bi-še3 a-nir mu-un-ĝa2-ĝa2* — Holy Inana sets up a lament. Central entry's cross-corpus to Sumerian city-lament tradition (ETCSL 2.2.x) and Hebrew Rachel-weeping (Jer 31:15) is comparative-mythology, not lexical-cognate. Defensible."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:8","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 introduction; Wenham *Genesis 1-15* WBC 1987 on 6:6"],"reasoning":"*Enki šag4 ni2-te-na-ke4 ad gi4-gi4* — Enki private-deliberation. Central entry's cross-corpus to Hebrew Gen 6:6 *va-yit'atzev el libbo* and Gen 18:17 framed as structural-thematic, not philologically-cognate."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:9","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:9"],"reasoning":"Divine quartet recurs from A:11; central entry covers."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:10","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:10; PSD *pad3*"],"reasoning":"Oath-invocation foreshadow; verb *pad3* + an + Enlil; sets up E:1-2 oath formula."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:11","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard *Atra-ḫasīs* 1969; George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 152-155; Wenham *Genesis 1-15* WBC 1987 on Gen 5:29 and 6:9; Verbrugghe-Wickersham *Berossos and Manetho* 1996"],"reasoning":"Ziusudra introduction (*zi* + *ud* + *su3-ra2* = 'life of long days'). Central entry on the five-tradition name-cluster (Ziusudra/Atra-ḫasīs/Ūta-napishtim/Xisouthros/Noach) explicit on conceptual-related not lexical-cognate; Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-rescued-king / spaceship-of-Utnapishtim* disavowal verbatim in the rationale. *gudug* priestly-office overlay accurate."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:12","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:12 apparatus"],"reasoning":"*an saĝ NIĜIN ... EN* unparsed signs preserved; head-toward-heaven supplicatory posture inferred from fragments."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:13","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:13"],"reasoning":"*nam-sun5-na* humility + *ni2 teĝ3* draw-near-in-awe; reverent-supplication formula correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:14","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:14"],"reasoning":"*ud šu2-uš-e saĝ us2 gub-ba* day-after-day standing-attendance; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:15","status":"approve","citations":["Butler *Mesopotamian Conceptions of Dreams and Dream Rituals* AOAT 258, 1998; Husser *Dreams and Dream Narratives* 1999; Levine *Numbers 1-20* AB 1993"],"reasoning":"*ma-mu2 nu-me-a* not-a-dream construction. Central entry's Hebrew Num 12:6-8 comparandum (mouth-to-mouth waking-revelation as prophet-hierarchy higher-tier) is well-grounded comparative-mythology."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:16","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:16"],"reasoning":"*mu an ki-bi-ta pad3-pad3-de3* reduplicated oath-invocation; foreshadows E:1-2."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:17","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:17"],"reasoning":"*ki-ur3* (E-kur courtyard of Enlil at Nippur) + *e2-ĝar8* wall; existing E-kur central entry covers."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:18","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:18"],"reasoning":"*ĝiš tuku* 'have ear / hear' idiom + *da-bi gub-ba* standing-at-side; geometry of through-the-wall revelation correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:19","status":"approve","citations":["George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 506-509 on XI.21-22; Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.i; Tigay *Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic* 1982 chap. 7"],"reasoning":"*iz-zi-da* side-wall address — the diagnostic Mesopotamian wall-trope. Central entry cross-corpus Atrahasis III.i.20-22 and Gilgamesh XI.21-22 *kikkiš kikkiš igâru igâru*; Hebrew has no exact parallel honestly noted (Yahweh-singular-decision dispenses with assembly-oath motivation)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:20","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:20"],"reasoning":"Reduplicated wall-address; *inim dug4 / inim dab5* binding-instruction; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:21","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:21; cf. Instructions of Shuruppak ETCSL 5.6.1"],"reasoning":"*na de5* counsel + *ĝizzal ak* give-ear; wisdom-literature attention formula correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:22","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:22 apparatus; PSD *dag*"],"reasoning":"*DAG-me-a* sign-crux preserved bracketed honestly; *a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-ga ba-ur3* flood-sweep continuation is the announcement-prophecy paralleled at D:2."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:23","status":"approve","citations":["Frymer-Kensky 'The Atrahasis Epic and Its Significance' BA 40 1977 147-155; Wenham *Genesis 1-15* WBC 1987 on Gen 6:5-7"],"reasoning":"*numun nam-lu2-ulu3 ḫa-lam-e-de3* — destroy the seed of humankind. Central entry on destruction-decree cross-corpus to Atrahasis II.viii, Gilgamesh XI.14, Hebrew Gen 6:7 *emcheh et ha-adam*; demographic→moral cause shift framed as named-scholarship (Frymer-Kensky 1977)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:24","status":"approve","citations":["Jacobsen 'Primitive Democracy in Ancient Mesopotamia' JNES 2 1943 159-172; Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973; Mullen *The Divine Council* HSM 24, 1980"],"reasoning":"*di-til-la inim puḫrum šu gi4-gi4 nu-ĝal2* — completed-verdict + assembly-word + no-revocation. Central entry on Sumerian-Akkadian *puḫru ilāni* + Hebrew *sod YHWH* (Jer 23:18, Ps 89:8) cross-corpus is well-documented as named-scholarship (Cross, Smith, Heiser, Mullen)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:25","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:25"],"reasoning":"Restatement of irrevocability with An and Enlil named; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:26","status":"approve","citations":["Glassner *Mesopotamian Chronicles* 2004"],"reasoning":"*nam-lugal-bi bal-bi ba-bur12* kingship-torn-out; cross-corpus to Sumerian King List transition-between-kingships correctly framed."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:27","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:27"],"reasoning":"*e-ne-eš2* 'now' narrative-deictic; bracket continuation correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-C:28","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:28"],"reasoning":"*a-na* 'what' interrogative; bracket continuation correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:1","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert *Babylonian Creation Myths* MC 16, 2013 on EE IV.96; HALOT *rûaḥ*, *sa'ar*; McCarter *I Samuel* AB 1980 on 1 Sam 16:14-23"],"reasoning":"*im-ḫul-im-ḫul ^tum9si-si-ig* destructive-storms + gale-winds. Central entry on *im-hul / imḫullu* documents direct Sumerian→Akkadian loanword status; Enuma Elish IV.96 *imḫullu* as Marduk's evil-wind weapon properly cited. Hebrew *ruach ra'ah* / *sa'ar* comparative-thematic, not lexically-cognate."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:2","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:2; Civil 1969"],"reasoning":"*a-ma-ru* sweeps over the cult-centres; actualization of C:22 announcement; faithful prophecy-fulfillment couplet."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:3","status":"approve","citations":["Heidel *The Babylonian Genesis* 2nd ed. 1951 chap. 5; Cassuto *Commentary on Genesis* 1961; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 7:12"],"reasoning":"*ud 7-am3 ĝi6 7-am3* seven days seven nights — the canonical Mesopotamian flood-duration. Central entry on seven-vs-forty transformation documents Hebrew typological-intensification per named-scholarship (Cassuto, Wenham, Heidel)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:4","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:4"],"reasoning":"*a-ma-ru kalam-ma ba-ur3-ra-ta* post-storm temporal-subordinate; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:5","status":"approve","citations":["George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 512-518 on XI vessel; Finkel *The Ark Before Noah* 2014; HALOT *tēbāh*"],"reasoning":"*ma2 gur4-gur4 a gal-la im-ḫul tuku4-tuku4* — great-boat tossed by destructive-storms on great-waters. Central entry on three-way vessel-cluster (Sum *ma2* / Akk *eleppu* / Heb *tevah*) honest about non-cognate status of the three lexemes and three distinct hull-form specifications; explicit Ararat/Durupinar pseudo-archaeology disavowal."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:6","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 on XI.131-134; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 8:1"],"reasoning":"*^dutu i-im-ma-ra-e3* — Utu emerges casting light over heaven and earth; post-storm sunrise. Cross-corpus to Gilgamesh XI.131-134 and Gen 8:1 *ruach al ha-aretz* properly framed as comparative-mythology."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:7","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 on Gilgamesh XI.135-136 *aptam upattī*; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 8:6; HALOT *ḥallôn*"],"reasoning":"*ab-BUR2 mu-un-da-buru3* — Ziusudra cut an opening. Central entry on three-way boat-window cluster (*ab-BUR2 / aptu / chalon ha-tevah*) honest about non-cognate status; tzohar vs chalon Hebrew-side issue correctly distinguished."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:8","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 on XI.135-136"],"reasoning":"Utu's light enters through the just-cut aperture; symmetric to Gilgamesh XI.135-136 *ūru iqtul ina pānīya*."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:9","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:9"],"reasoning":"*zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* enjambment-construction; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:10","status":"approve","citations":["CAD A/2 188-189 *appa labānu*; PSD *giri17*; Collon *First Impressions* 1987 on Mesopotamian prostration-iconography"],"reasoning":"*giri17 ki su-ub ba-gub* — prostration before Utu. Central entry on three-way prostration cluster (Sum *giri17 ki su-ub* / Akk *appa labānu* / Heb *shachah apayim artzah*) — body-part-metaphor honestly noted as coincidence of metonymy rather than philological-cognation between Hebrew and Sumerian-Akkadian."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:11","status":"approve","citations":["Cassuto *From Noah to Abraham* 1964; George 2003 on XI.155-160; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 8:20-21"],"reasoning":"*lugal-e gud im-ma-ab-gaz-e udu im-ma-ab-šar2-re* — slaughter ox + offer sheep abundantly. Central entry on post-flood-thanksgiving-sacrifice cross-corpus — the *reiach ha-nichoach* ↔ *erīša ṭāba* lexical-cognation is one of the most-direct Mesopotamian-Hebrew lexical-parallels (Cassuto 1964); divine-hunger inversion at the Hebrew side framed as named-scholarship (Gunkel, Heidel, Wenham, Walton)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:12","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:12"],"reasoning":"*si gal sikil-la-da* great-horn + made-pure; sacrifice-and-purification continuation; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:13","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:13"],"reasoning":"*mu-un-na-ba* allotment-action; addressee implicit Ziusudra; bracket-rendering correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:14","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:14"],"reasoning":"Fully-lacuna; bracket correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:15","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:15"],"reasoning":"*bi2-in-si* he-filled; bracket-rendering correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:16","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:16"],"reasoning":"*tab-ba* paired; possible animals-pairs continuation (Gen 7:2-3 reminiscence) bracket-rendered honestly."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-D:17","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:17"],"reasoning":"Fully-lacuna; bracket correct."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:1","status":"approve","citations":["Lehmann 'Biblical Oaths' ZAW 81 1969 74-92; Greenberg 'The Hebrew Oath Particle' JBL 76 1957 34-39; Luz *Matthew 1-7* Hermeneia 2007 on Matt 5:33-37"],"reasoning":"*zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3 ... ḫe2-em-da-la2* — THE oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth formula. Central entry on three-way cluster (Sum *zi an-na zi ki-a* / Akk *nīš ilī* / *nīš šamê u erṣetim* / Heb *chay YHWH*) is well-documented as named-scholarship (Lehmann 1969; Greenberg 1957; Yaron 1969); Matt 5:34-35 reception-history extension philologically defensible."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:2","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:2"],"reasoning":"An and Enlil swear and are bound by their oath; reciprocal-divine-self-binding; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:3","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:3"],"reasoning":"*niĝ2-gilim ki-ta ed3-de3* — small-animals come up from earth; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:4","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:4"],"reasoning":"*zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* enjambment-construction; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:5","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:5"],"reasoning":"Second post-flood prostration before An and Enlil; central prostration-gesture entry covers."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:6","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:6; PSD *mi2 dug4*"],"reasoning":"*mi2 dug4* divine-favor / cherishing-idiom; transition to apotheosis-grant; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:7","status":"approve","citations":["George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 520-528 on XI.193-196; VanderKam *Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition* CBQMS 16, 1984; Cogan-Tadmor *II Kings* AB 1988 on 2:11; Levenson *Resurrection and the Restoration of Israel* 2006"],"reasoning":"*til3 diĝir-gin7 mu-un-na-šum2-mu* — life like (that of) a god they gave him. Central entry on apotheosis-cluster carries explicit verbatim disavowal of Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-took-king-up-to-spaceship* / Hanokh-as-pilot readings. Cross-corpus Gilgamesh XI.193-196 *kī ilāni* + Hebrew Hanokh (Gen 5:24 *laqach oto Elohim*) + Eliyahu (2 Kgs 2:11) framed as comparative-mythology; absent at Hebrew flood-narrative (Noah dies Gen 9:29) honestly noted."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:8","status":"approve","citations":["CAD D 115-117 *dārû*; AHw vol. 1 165-166; Collins *Daniel* Hermeneia 1993 on Dan 12:2; VanderKam *From Revelation to Canon* 2002"],"reasoning":"*zi da-ri2 diĝir-gin7* — eternal-breath-of-life like a god. Central entry on Sumerian *da-ri2* as direct source of Akkadian-loanword *dārû* is philologically accurate (CAD D 115-117; AHw 165-166); Hebrew *chayei olam* (Dan 12:2) cross-corpus framed as Second-Temple-period emergence honestly."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:9","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:9"],"reasoning":"*ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* enjambment; faithful."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:10","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.vi *zēr napišti*; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 7:3 and 9:1-7; Cassuto *From Noah to Abraham* 1964"],"reasoning":"*mu niĝ2-gilim-ma numun nam-lu2-ulu3 uru3 ak* — explicit aitia for apotheosis (preservation of small-animals and seed of humankind). Cross-corpus to Atrahasis III.vi *zēr napišti*, Gilgamesh XI.193-195, Hebrew Gen 7:3 *l-chayyot zera al penei kol ha-aretz* and Gen 9:1-7 *peru u-revu*; Mesopotamian apotheosis-reward → Hebrew mortal-blessing transformation framed as named-scholarship (Cassuto 1964)."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:11","status":"approve","citations":["Potts *The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity* 1990 (2 vols.); Crawford *Dilmun and Its Gulf Neighbours* 1998; Kramer 'Dilmun: Quest for Paradise' Antiquity 37 1963 111-115; Jacobsen *The Harps That Once...* 1987 on Enki-and-Ninhursag; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 2:8 *mi-qedem*"],"reasoning":"*kur dilmun-na ki ^dutu e3-še3* — settled in Dilmun, place where Utu rises. Central entry carries triple explicit verbatim disavowal: (i) Sitchin *DUR.AN.KI* launch-facility; (ii) Anunnaki-installation; (iii) Dilmun-as-extraterrestrial-base / Eden-as-spaceport. Dilmun grounded archaeologically (modern Bahrain; Potts *The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity* 1990) and the eastern-paradise cross-corpus to Gilgamesh XI.205-206 *ina rūqi ina pî nārāti* + Gen 2:8 *gan b-Eden mi-qedem* framed as comparative-mythology with named-scholarship."},{"refId":"FLS-WOH-E:12","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 E:12 apparatus"],"reasoning":"Fragmentary closing-direct-address; *za-e* 2sg + *til3-eš* live-3pl preserved; doxological-closing-formula plausible per central *za-mi* entry; bracket honest."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard *Atra-ḫasīs* 1969; George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 152-155; Hallo *The Book of the People* 1991; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 5:29, 6:9; Sarna *JPS Genesis* 1989; Tigay *Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic* 1982 chap. 7; Verbrugghe-Wickersham *Berossos and Manetho* 1996"],"reasoning":"Five-tradition name-cluster correctly framed as conceptually-related, not lexically-cognate. Each etymology (Sum 'life of long days' / Akk 'exceedingly wise' / Akk 'I found life' / Heb 'rest/comfort' / Greek Hellenization) traced with proper named-scholarship citation. Explicit Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-rescued-king / spaceship-of-Utnapishtim* disavowal verbatim."},{"glossary_id":"a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969; George 2003 vol. 1 510-512; Tsumura *Creation and Destruction* 2005; BDB *mabbul*; HALOT *mabbūl*"],"reasoning":"Three-way flood-vocabulary cluster correctly distinguishes the Akkadian-Hebrew Semitic-cognate debate (proto-Sem √ybl) from the Sumerian comparative-thematic-only status. Cassiana/Younger-Dryas/Burckle-Crater popular-fringe disavowal explicit."},{"glossary_id":"ma-gur-eleppu-tevah-flood-vessel-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["George *Babylonian Gilgamesh* 2003 vol. 1 512-518 on XI.27-30; Finkel *The Ark Before Noah* 2014; HALOT *tēbāh*; Walton *Genesis* NIVAC 2001"],"reasoning":"Three-way vessel-cluster honestly notes non-cognate status (Sum *ma2*, Akk *eleppu* Sumerian-loanword, Heb *tevah* Egyptian-loanword *ḏbꜢt*) and three distinct hull-form-specifications (rounded/cubical/oblong-rectangular). Ararat/Durupinar pseudo-archaeology disavowal explicit."},{"glossary_id":"ab-bur-aptu-chalon-ha-tevah-flood-boat-window-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 vol. 1 510-519 on XI.135-136; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 8:6; HALOT *ḥallôn*; Gunkel *Genesis* HAT 1901 on Gen 8:6-12"],"reasoning":"Three-way boat-window cluster correctly thematic-narrative-parallel, not lexical-cognate (Akk *aptu* < *patû*; Heb *chalon* West-Semitic; Sum *ab-BUR2* opaque). Hebrew *tzohar* (Gen 6:16) correctly distinguished as separate lexeme. Gilgamesh XI.135-136 *aptam upattī* correctly cited."},{"glossary_id":"nam-lugal-an-ta-ed-de-a-ba-kingship-descended-from-heaven-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Jacobsen *Sumerian King List* AS 11, 1939; Glassner *Mesopotamian Chronicles* 2004; Hallo *The Book of the People* 1991; Frankfort *Kingship and the Gods* 1948; Brettler *God Is King* JSOTSup 76, 1989"],"reasoning":"Sumerian King List opening-formula correctly identified as foundational; Hebrew *malkhut shamayim* / Exod 15:18 framed as functional-parallel, not philologically-cognate; explicit Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-kings* disavowal. Foundational for future Sumerian King List translation."},{"glossary_id":"five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Glassner *Mesopotamian Chronicles* 2004; Hallo-Simpson *Ancient Near East* 1971; Steinkeller in *Riches Hidden in Secret Places* 2002; Green *Eridu in Sumerian Literature* PhD Chicago 1975; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 4:17-22; Heidel *Babylonian Genesis* 2nd ed. 1951"],"reasoning":"Pentad correctly archaeologically grounded (Tell Abu Shahrein, Tell al-Madain, Tell Abu Habbah, Tell Fara); Berossus and Apkallu cross-corpus traditions properly cited; Hebrew Gen 4:17-22 Cainite-cities framed as named-scholarship comparative-mythology (Wenham, Hallo, Heidel). No pre-flood-global-civilization synthesis. Single-central-entry-for-the-gestalt architectural choice is defensible."},{"glossary_id":"sag-gig-ga-black-headed-people-sumerian-self-designation-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Jacobsen *Treasures of Darkness* 1976; Westenholz *Legends of the Kings of Akkade* MC 7, 1997; Lambert *Babylonian Wisdom Literature* 1960"],"reasoning":"Sumerian-Akkadian self-designation correctly characterized as ethnonymic-and-class-noun; Akkadian *ṣalmāt qaqqadi* cognate-cited; Hebrew *bnei Adam* patronymic framed as structural-parallel only. Explicit racial-anthropological / founding-race disavowal."},{"glossary_id":"im-hul-imhullu-destructive-storm-wind-mesopotamian-storm-vocabulary-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert *Babylonian Creation Myths* MC 16, 2013 on EE IV.96; George 2003 on Gilgamesh XI.96-128; HALOT *rûaḥ, sa'ar, se'ārāh*; McCarter *I Samuel* AB 1980 on 1 Sam 16:14-23"],"reasoning":"Sumerian→Akkadian direct loanword status documented; Enuma Elish IV.96 deployment correct (Marduk's evil-wind among seven weapons); Hebrew *ruach ra'ah / sa'ar* framed as thematic-conceptual not philologically-cognate."},{"glossary_id":"seven-day-flood-vs-forty-day-flood-duration-tradition-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Heidel *The Babylonian Genesis* 2nd ed. 1951 chap. 5; Cassuto *Commentary on Genesis* 1961; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 7:12, 7:24; Walton *The Lost World of the Flood* 2018"],"reasoning":"Atrahasis III.iv.24-25 and Gilgamesh XI.128 (six-and-seven variant) correctly distinguished. Hebrew typological-intensification (Mesopotamian-7 multiplied to Hebrew-40) framed as named-scholarship (Heidel 1951, Cassuto 1961, Wenham 1987)."},{"glossary_id":"zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lehmann 'Biblical Oaths' ZAW 81 1969 74-92; Greenberg 'The Hebrew Oath Particle' JBL 76 1957 34-39; AHw vol. 2 798; CAD N/2 290-293; Luz *Matthew 1-7* Hermeneia 2007; Davies-Allison ICC 1988"],"reasoning":"Three-way oath cluster (Sum *zi an-na zi ki-a* / Akk *nīš ilī* / Heb *chay YHWH*) well-documented; Akkadian *nīšu* / Heb *nephesh* etymological-cognate correctly noted at the Akkadian-Hebrew level. Matt 5:34-37 reception-history defensibly extended."},{"glossary_id":"til-digir-gin-kima-ilani-apotheosis-of-flood-survivor-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 vol. 1 520-528 on XI.193-196; Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.vi; VanderKam *Enoch and the Growth of an Apocalyptic Tradition* CBQMS 16, 1984; Cogan-Tadmor *II Kings* AB 1988 on 2:11; Levenson *Resurrection* 2006"],"reasoning":"Direct Sumerian-Akkadian lexical-equivalent (*-gin7* / *kī*; *diĝir* / *ilāni*) correctly noted. Hebrew apotheosis-absent-from-Noah but present in Hanokh (Gen 5:24) and Eliyahu (2 Kgs 2:11) framed as comparative-mythology. **Explicit verbatim disavowal** of Sitchin-corpus *Anunnaki-took-king-up-to-spaceship* + *Hanokh-as-pilot* readings."},{"glossary_id":"dilmun-eastern-paradise-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Potts *The Arabian Gulf in Antiquity* 1990 (2 vols.); Crawford *Dilmun and Its Gulf Neighbours* 1998; Kramer 'Dilmun: Quest for Paradise' Antiquity 37 1963 111-115; Steinkeller 'The Question of Marhaši' ZA 72, 1982; Jacobsen *The Harps That Once...* 1987; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 2:8 *mi-qedem*"],"reasoning":"Dilmun archaeologically grounded (modern Bahrain; Potts 1990 cited). Akkadian Gilgamesh XI.205-206 *ina rūqi ina pî nārāti* and Hebrew Gen 2:8 *gan b-Eden mi-qedem* cross-corpus framed as comparative-mythology with named-scholarship (Kramer 1963, Albright 1919, Jacobsen 1976, Cassuto 1961). **Triple explicit operational disavowal** verbatim in rationale: (i) Sitchin DUR.AN.KI launch-facility; (ii) Anunnaki-installation; (iii) Dilmun-as-Eden-as-extraterrestrial-base. This is the chapter's biggest lens-risk and the disavowal is operationally-robust."},{"glossary_id":"di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Falkenstein *Die neusumerischen Gerichtsurkunden* 1956; Jacobsen 'Primitive Democracy' JNES 2 1943; Lambert *Babylonian Creation Myths* MC 16, 2013 on EE III-IV; Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973 chap. 7; Mullen *The Divine Council* HSM 24, 1980"],"reasoning":"Three-way Sum-Akk-Heb cluster: *di-til-la* res-iudicata; *puḫru ilāni* (Enuma Elish III-IV); *sod YHWH* (Jer 23:18; Ps 89:8). Cross-corpus to Isa 14:24-27, 46:10-11, Num 23:19 well-grounded. Future Hebrew central entry `sod-yhwh-divine-council` correctly flagged."},{"glossary_id":"iz-zi-da-kikkish-talking-through-the-wall-to-keep-an-oath-flood-trope-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.i; George 2003 vol. 1 506-509 on XI.21-22; Tigay *Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic* 1982 chap. 7"],"reasoning":"Cross-corpus Atrahasis III.i.20-22 and Gilgamesh XI.21-22 *kikkiš kikkiš igâru igâru* the diagnostic Mesopotamian flood-tradition link. Hebrew no-exact-parallel (Yahweh-singular-decision) honestly noted."},{"glossary_id":"post-flood-thanksgiving-sacrifice-trope-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["George 2003 vol. 1 518-520 on XI.155-160; Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.v; Cassuto *From Noah to Abraham* 1964; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 8:20-21; Milgrom *Leviticus 1-16* AB 1991"],"reasoning":"Three-way Sum/Akk/Heb cross-corpus; the *reiach ha-nichoach* ↔ *erīša ṭāba* Hebrew-Akkadian near-cognate properly identified (Cassuto 1964). Divine-hunger inversion at Hebrew side framed as named-scholarship."},{"glossary_id":"divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Frymer-Kensky 'The Atrahasis Epic' BA 40 1977 147-155; Cassuto 1964; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 6:5-13; Lambert-Millard 1969"],"reasoning":"Mesopotamian demographic-cause (Atrahasis *rigmu* overpopulation-noise) vs Hebrew moral-ethical-cause (Gen 6:5-13 wickedness/violence) shift framed as named-scholarship (Frymer-Kensky 1977, Cassuto 1964, Wenham 1987, Tsumura 2005)."},{"glossary_id":"utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Krebernik *RlA* 12 599-611 *Utu / Šamaš*; Roth *Law Collections* SBL WAW 6, 1995 on Hammurabi-prologue; Taylor *Yahweh and the Sun* JSOTSup 111, 1993"],"reasoning":"Sumerian-Akkadian Utu/Šamaš equivalence consensus; Hebrew *shemesh* / *Beit Shemesh* / *Ein Shemesh* cult-fossils framed as anti-sun-cult polemic (Taylor 1993). First single-divinity central entry — pattern scales correctly."},{"glossary_id":"giri-ki-su-ub-appa-labanu-prostration-gesture-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["CAD A/2 188-189 *appa labānu*; PSD *giri17*; HALOT *šwḥ, šḥh*; Collon *First Impressions* 1987; Houtman *Der Pentateuch* 1994"],"reasoning":"Three-way prostration cluster; Sumerian-Akkadian conceptual-cognation (likely calque) vs Hebrew structural-parallel-lexically-independent honestly distinguished."},{"glossary_id":"nu-gig-high-status-woman-sacred-class-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Assante 'The kar.kid / ḫarimtu' UF 30, 1998; Budin *The Myth of Sacred Prostitution* 2008; Westenholz 'Tamar, Qedesha, Qadishtu, and Sacred Prostitution in Mesopotamia' HTR 82, 1989"],"reasoning":"Modern revisionist scholarship on deprecation of 'sacred prostitute' rendering (Assante 1998, Budin 2008) correctly followed. Cross-corpus to Hebrew *qedeshah* / *zonah* class-terms via existing central entries."},{"glossary_id":"an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis I.i.6-15; George 2003 on XI.14-19; Cross 1973 chap. 7; Smith *Origins of Biblical Monotheism* 2001; Frymer-Kensky 1977"],"reasoning":"Mesopotamian flood-council quartet correctly cited across Atrahasis I.i.6-15 and Gilgamesh XI.14-19. Mesopotamian-quartet → Hebrew-singular shift framed as named-scholarship (Cross, Smith, Heiser, Frymer-Kensky); *bnei Elohim* Gen 6:1-4 as fossilized-council preserved in Hebrew correctly noted."},{"glossary_id":"nintur-nintud-ninhursaga-birth-goddess-epithet-cluster-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Wiggermann *RlA* 9 222-227 *Nin-ḫursaĝ*; Jacobsen *Treasures of Darkness* 1976; Kramer *Sumerian Mythology* rev. 1961; Stol *Birth in Babylonia and the Bible* CM 14, 2000"],"reasoning":"Promotion from Enki-and-Ninmah overlay to central justified by multi-text recurrence (the architectural criterion for central placement). Cluster of epithets (Nintur/Nintud/Ninḫursaĝa/Ninmaḫ/Aruru/Mami/Bēlet-ilī) consensus-scholarship documented. Hebrew absence-of-birth-goddess framed as diagnostic monotheism-trait."},{"glossary_id":"ma-mu-nu-me-a-not-a-dream-waking-revelation-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Butler *Mesopotamian Conceptions of Dreams* AOAT 258, 1998; Oppenheim *Interpretation of Dreams in the ANE* TAPS 46/3, 1956; Husser *Dreams and Dream Narratives* 1999; Levine *Numbers 1-20* AB 1993"],"reasoning":"Hebrew Num 12:6-8 dream-vs-mouth-to-mouth distinction as the prophet-hierarchy higher-tier framed as structural-parallel; defensibly grounded in named-scholarship."},{"glossary_id":"enki-deliberates-in-his-own-heart-wisdom-god-private-deliberation-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 introduction; George 2003 on Gilgamesh XI.20-31; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 6:6, Gen 16-50 WBC 1994 on Gen 18:17-33; Frymer-Kensky 1977"],"reasoning":"Hebrew Gen 6:6 *va-yit'atzev el libbo* + Gen 18:17 *ha-mekhasse ani me-Avraham* parallels correctly framed as structural-thematic with body-part-as-deliberation-locus metaphor; Mesopotamian Enki-only vs Hebrew Yahweh-singular contrast documented as named-scholarship (Frymer-Kensky 1977)."},{"glossary_id":"inana-laments-her-people-flood-divine-feminine-lament-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Michalowski *The Lamentation over Sumer and Ur* MC 1, 1989; Cohen *The Canonical Lamentations of Ancient Mesopotamia* 1988; Dobbs-Allsopp *Weep, O Daughter of Zion* BibOr 44, 1993; McKane *Jeremiah II* ICC 1996 on Jer 31:15"],"reasoning":"Sumerian city-lament tradition (ETCSL 2.2.x) accurately cited; Hebrew Jer 31:15 Rachel-weeping framed as structurally-parallel divine-feminine-lament-for-her-people. Wider ANE Anat/Isis/Demeter comparanda correctly framed as wider comparative-mythology."},{"glossary_id":"preservation-of-the-seed-of-humankind-and-animals-flood-aitia-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Lambert-Millard 1969 on Atrahasis III.vi *zēr napišti*; George 2003 on XI.193-195; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 7:3, 9:1-7; Cassuto 1964"],"reasoning":"Mesopotamian apotheosis-reward → Hebrew mortal-fertility-blessing-reward (Gen 9:1-7 *peru u-revu*) transformation framed correctly as named-scholarship (Cassuto 1964, Wenham 1987, Tsumura 2005). *zēr napišti* Atrahasis-Akkadian parallel correctly cited."},{"glossary_id":"zi-da-ri-balatu-daru-eternal-life-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["CAD D 115-117 *dārû*; AHw vol. 1 165-166; Collins *Daniel* Hermeneia 1993 on Dan 12:2; Levenson *Resurrection* 2006; VanderKam *From Revelation to Canon* 2002"],"reasoning":"Sumerian *da-ri2* → Akkadian-loanword *dārû* direct philological-cognation (CAD D, AHw) accurate. Hebrew *chayei olam* (Dan 12:2) as Second-Temple-period emergence; Hebrew Bible's pre-exilic concern for *yamim arukhim* on-earth honestly distinguished."},{"glossary_id":"lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard","status":"approve","citations":["Black, Cunningham, Robson, Zolyomi *The Literature of Ancient Sumer* Oxford 2004 xli-xliv; Foster *Before the Muses* 3rd ed. 2005"],"reasoning":"Convention entry; promoted from Enki-and-Ninmah overlay to central as a project-wide Mesopotamian-pipeline standard. ETCSL bracket-conventions per Black-Cunningham-Robson-Zolyomi 2004 and Foster *Before the Muses* (3rd ed. 2005) editorial protocols. Corrective-pass verification confirms entry now resolves from FLS-WOH refIds; appliesTo extended correctly."},{"glossary_id":"dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Black et al. 2004 *Literature of Ancient Sumer*; Foster 3rd ed. 2005"],"reasoning":"Project-wide DINGIR-determinative prose-drop convention; promoted from Enki-and-Ninmah overlay. Standard scholarly practice (Foster, Jacobsen, Black et al.). Corrective-pass verification confirms entry now resolves from FLS-WOH refIds."},{"glossary_id":"sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Black et al. 2004 *Literature of Ancient Sumer*"],"reasoning":"Project-wide Sumerian-source proper-name transliteration convention; promoted from Enki-and-Ninmah overlay. Corrective-pass verification confirms entry now resolves from FLS-WOH refIds."},{"glossary_id":"manuscript-variant-inline-rendering-convention","status":"approve","citations":["Black et al. 2004 *Literature of Ancient Sumer* apparatus protocols; ETCSL editorial documentation"],"reasoning":"Project-wide manuscript-variant inline-rendering convention (collapse «X» editorial-emendation markers silently to English prose; preserve in transliteration); promoted from Enki-and-Ninmah overlay. ETCSL apparatus protocol per Black et al. 2004. Corrective-pass verification confirms entry now resolves from FLS-WOH refIds."},{"glossary_id":"men-gu-za-nam-lugal-crown-and-throne-of-kingship-regalia-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Frankfort *Kingship and the Gods* 1948; Jacobsen *Treasures of Darkness* 1976; Brettler *God Is King* JSOTSup 76, 1989"],"reasoning":"Sumerian regalia-couplet *men* + *gu-za* (Akkadian *agû* + *kussû*) correctly framed as canonical Sumerian-Akkadian formula. Hebrew *keter* + *kisse melekh* functional-parallel framed as wider-ANE-tradition. Explicit technology-gift / ancient-astronaut interpretive-overlay disavowal."},{"glossary_id":"kab-dug-ga-ba-hal-hal-la-allotment-by-gauged-measure-city-founding-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973; Smith *Origins of Biblical Monotheism* 2001"],"reasoning":"Administrative-juridical Sumerian idiom; Hebrew *goral* / *cheleq* (Deut 32:8-9) framed as structural-thematic, not lexical-cognate."},{"glossary_id":"pabilsag-bowman-deity-larag-founder-divinity","status":"approve","citations":["Krebernik *RlA* 10 (2003-2005) 160-167 *Pabilsag(a)*; Black-Green *Gods, Demons and Symbols* 1992"],"reasoning":"Pabilsaĝ as Larag tutelary-deity + zodiacal-Sagittarius reception correctly cited. Manuscript-variant «ḫur» silent-collapse per project-wide convention."},{"glossary_id":"shuruppag-ziusudras-city","status":"approve","citations":["Westenholz *RlA* 12 (2009-2011) 626-632 *Šuruppak*; Black et al. 2004 264-269 (Instructions of Shuruppak); Whiting *Studia Orientalia* 1985"],"reasoning":"Šuruppag = Tell Fara archaeologically grounded; cross-corpus Gilgamesh XI.11 and Instructions of Shuruppak (ETCSL 5.6.1) correctly cited."},{"glossary_id":"gudug-priest-mesopotamian-temple-office","status":"approve","citations":["Sallaberger *Der kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit* 1993; Renger *RlA* 4 (1972-75) 435-440 *gudu-Priester*; Emerton 'Melchizedek and the Gods' VT 21 1971 24-47; Frankfort *Kingship and the Gods* 1948"],"reasoning":"*Gudug* (Akkadian-loanword *pašīšu*) priestly-office correctly distinguished from higher-rank *en*. Hebrew Melchizedek priest-king dual-office (Gen 14:18-20) framed as named-scholarship cross-corpus comparandum (Emerton 1971)."},{"glossary_id":"si-si-ig-gale-wind-storm-vocabulary","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 D:1 apparatus; PSD *si-si-ig*"],"reasoning":"*si-si-ig* gale-wind paired with *im-ḫul* documented; ETCSL gloss 'breeze' upgraded in context to 'gale-wind' defensibly."},{"glossary_id":"dub-shade-refresh-vs-tremble-crux","status":"approve","citations":["PSD electronic *dub2*; Jacobsen *The Harps That Once...* 1987"],"reasoning":"Lexical-crux honestly surfaced (refresh-vs-tremble); both readings preserved in i18n._note_alt and overlay rationale. Theologically-equivalent in context; defensible."},{"glossary_id":"ki-eshbar-place-of-divine-decision","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 A:7 apparatus; PSD *eš-bar*"],"reasoning":"ETCSL restoration *ki-eš-bar* 'place of (divine) decisions' is consensus restoration; partial-restoration honestly flagged."},{"glossary_id":"dag-me-a-our-dwelling-places-c22-crux","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:22 apparatus; PSD *dag*"],"reasoning":"Sign-cluster crux honestly bracketed; *DAG* sign-value uncertainty preserved; no over-resolution."},{"glossary_id":"me-te-edin-fitting-attribute-of-open-country","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann *Genesis 1-11* CC 1984; Walton *Genesis 1 as Ancient Cosmology* 2011"],"reasoning":"*me-te* fittingness-aesthetic-cosmology lexeme; Hebrew Genesis 1 *tov me'od* declarations framed as comparative-mythology link only (Westermann 1984, Walton 2011)."},{"glossary_id":"numun-nam-lu-ulu-seed-of-humankind-c23","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL c.1.7.4 C:23, E:10; Wenham WBC 1987 on Gen 7:3"],"reasoning":"*numun nam-lu-ulu* seed-of-humankind phrase; Hebrew *zera al penei kol ha-aretz* (Gen 7:3) cross-corpus parallel framed appropriately as named-scholarship."},{"glossary_id":"title-and-meta-conventions-flood-story","status":"approve","citations":["ETCSL composition-title c.1.7.4; Jacobsen 'The Eridu Genesis' JBL 100, 1981"],"reasoning":"Chapter-title convention (neutral primary-title matching ETCSL/scholarly convention + subtitle naming protagonist and cross-corpus orientation). Mirrors Genesis-WoH chapter-title convention. Composition-singular and uncontroversial."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [
  {
    "id": "A",
    "preceding_lacuna": {
      "text": "approx. 36 lines missing",
      "approx_lines_missing": 36,
      "i18n": {
        "en": "[Approximately 36 lines missing.]"
      }
    },
    "lines": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:1",
        "translit": "[…] im-ĝa2-/ĝa2\\ […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] he was placing […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "The opening segment-A line is reduced to *im-ĝa2-ĝa2* 'he was placing' — an imperfective form whose subject the lacuna does not preserve. The line is the first preserved word of the composition (after the opening ~36-line lacuna); ETCSL leaves the line near-untranslatable. The default surface takes the third-person animate subject from surrounding context (probably Enki or a divine speaker initiating the city-and-foundation-laying sequence of A:5-7) and surfaces the bare verbal action with both ends bracketed. See the overlay entry `lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒅎𒂷𒂷 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:2",
        "translit": "nam-lu2-ulu3-ĝu10 ḫa-lam-ma-bi-a ga-ba-/ni-ib\\-[…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "My humankind — in its destruction I will […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*nam-lu2-ulu3-ĝu10* 'my humankind' (the 1sg-possessive on the abstract-collective *nam-lu2-ulu3*; covered by the central entry `nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus`) is the divine speaker's first explicit reference to humankind as **his / her** possession. The phrase *ḫa-lam-ma-bi-a* 'in its destruction / being-lost' anticipates the coming flood-decreed-destruction by foreshadowing the verb *ḫa-lam* 'to be lost / destroy' — the same verb that names the flood-decree at FLS-WOH-C:23 (covered by the central entry `divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus`). The verbal continuation is unrecoverable; the surface preserves the divine first-person-resolve construction.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉆𒇽𒍇𒈬 𒇴𒈠𒁉𒀀 𒂵𒁀𒉌𒅁",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:3",
        "translit": "^dnin-tur5-ra niĝ2-dim2-dim2-ma-ĝu10 sig10-[sig10]-/bi\\-[a] ga-ba-ni-ib-gi4-gi4",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "For Nintur, my creatures — in their [placing] I will restore them."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**Nintur** — the birth-goddess (one of multiple epithets: Nintur, Nintud, Ninḫursaĝa, Ninmaḫ — all designating the same Sumerian-Akkadian birth-goddess function; covered by the new central entry `nintur-nintud-ninhursaga-birth-goddess-epithet-cluster-cross-corpus`, promoted from the Enki-and-Ninmaḫ overlay). The line associates Nintur with the *niĝ2-dim2-dim2-ma* 'creatures (made)' that the speaker intends to *restore* (verbal *gi4* iterative 'to return / restore'). The promotion of the epithet-cluster from overlay to central reflects the multi-text recurrence (Enki and Ninmaḫ; this Flood Story; future Mesopotamian texts).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "nintur-nintud-ninhursaga-birth-goddess-epithet-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭𒎏𒌅𒊏 𒃻𒁶𒁶𒈠𒈬 𒋧𒋧𒁉𒀀 𒂵𒁀𒉌𒅁𒄄𒄄",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:4",
        "translit": "uĝ3 ki-ur3-bi-ta ga-ba-ni-ib-gur-ru-ne",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "I will return the people from their foundations."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*uĝ3 ki-ur3-bi-ta ga-ba-ni-ib-gur-ru-ne* — *I will return the people from their foundations*. The verbal *gur* 'to turn / return' iterates the *gi4* 'to return / restore' of the preceding line; the divine speaker resolves to **restore humanity from its foundations** after the destruction is complete. The line is the structural-counterpart to FLS-WOH-E:10 (Ziusudra preserves the seed of humankind through the flood; covered by the central entry `preservation-of-the-seed-of-humankind-and-animals-flood-aitia-cross-corpus`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌦 𒆠𒃡𒁉𒋫 𒂵𒁀𒉌𒅁𒄥𒊒𒉈",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:5",
        "translit": "iri^ki me-a-bi ḫe2-em-mi-in-du3 ĝissu-bi ni2 ga-ba-ab-dub2-bu",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Let them build cities wherever they may be; let me cause their shade to refresh me.",
          "_note_alt": "Or: 'let it (the shade) make me tremble (in awe)'."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ĝissu-bi ni2 ga-ba-ab-dub2-bu* — the *dub2* verb admits two distinct meaning-clusters: (a) **to refresh / cool** (ETCSL / Jacobsen / Black et al. default — the cities' shade as a place of cool repose for the divine speaker) and (b) **to tremble / quake** (the alternative — the cities' shade as awe-inspiring, causing the speaker to tremble in reverence). The surface follows ETCSL with reading (a); the alternative is preserved in the source `_note_alt` field and in the overlay entry `dub-shade-refresh-vs-tremble-crux`. Both readings are theologically-equivalent in context.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dub-shade-refresh-vs-tremble-crux"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒈨𒀀𒁉 𒅎𒈪𒅔𒆕 𒄑𒈪𒁉 𒉎 𒂵𒁀𒀊𒂀𒁍",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:6",
        "translit": "iri me-a šeg12-bi ki kug-ga ḫe2-em-mi-in-šub",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Let them cast the bricks of our cities wherever they may be on holy ground."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "The line completes the city-founding sequence at vv 5-7: the cities are built; their **bricks are cast on holy ground**. The brick-as-foundation-material is the standard Mesopotamian city-foundation idiom (the construction-formula recurs verbatim at FLS-WOH-B:9 as the inclusio-opening of the five-antediluvian-cities pericope). The holy-ground-of-the-brick-casting indicates that the city-foundations are simultaneously cult-foundations — the Mesopotamian inseparability of city-and-temple.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒌷 𒈨𒀀 𒋞𒁉 𒆠 𒆬𒂵 𒅎𒈪𒅔𒊒",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:7",
        "translit": "ki-eš- me-a ki kug-ga ḫe2-em-mi-ni-ib-ri",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Let them direct the places of (divine) decision wherever they may be on holy ground."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ki-eš- me-a* — the partially-broken *ki-eš-* is restored by ETCSL as *ki-eš-bar* 'place of (divine) decisions' (the oracular-decision-place; the inner-sanctum / cella where the cult-statue presides over omen-and-extispicy questions). The triad *iri-šeg-ki-eš-bar* (city-brick-decision-place) at vv 5-7 is the Sumerian city-foundation template: cities, brickwork, and oracular-loci constitute the threefold-foundation-package. See the overlay entry `ki-eshbar-place-of-divine-decision`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "ki-eshbar-place-of-divine-decision"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒆠𒌍 𒈨𒀀 𒆠 𒆬𒂵 𒅎𒈪𒉌𒅁𒊑",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:8",
        "translit": "KUG^? A niĝ2 izi ten-na si mi-ni-in-si-sa2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "He directed straight […] water, the thing that extinguishes fire."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "The line is partially-obscure; ETCSL preserves *KUG^?* and *A* as unparsed cuneiform-signs (the *^?* indicates philological-uncertainty in the sign-reading). The preserved continuation *niĝ2 izi ten-na si mi-ni-in-si-sa2* — *he directed straight the thing that extinguishes fire (i.e. water)* — names the **water-as-fire-suppressant** trope. The line plausibly belongs to the divine-speaker's resolution-sequence (vv 1-10) in which the speaker establishes the elementary-cosmographic-arrangements; here the water-fire relationship is fixed.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒀀 𒃻 𒉈 𒋼𒈾 𒋛 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋛𒁲",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:9",
        "translit": "ĝarza me maḫ šu mi-ni-ib-šu-du7",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "He perfected the rites and the august divine offices.",
          "_note_alt": "Or: 'He set in (his) hand the august rites and divine functions.'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ĝarza me maḫ šu mi-ni-ib-šu-du7* — *he perfected the rites and the august divine offices*. The line deploys the Sumerian creation-summary formula: a divine actor *perfects* (verbal-phrase *šu šu-du7* 'sets-in-hand to-complete') the *ĝarza* (rites) and the *me* (the Sumerian flagship-untranslatable theological-keyword for **divine-offices / cosmic-functions**; covered by the central entry `me-sumerian-divine-offices-cosmic-functions`). The subject is implicit (probably An or Enki). The line recurs at FLS-WOH-B:8 as the closing-of-the-kingship-descent pericope. An alternative more-literal rendering — *he set in (his) hand the august rites and divine functions* — is preserved in the source `_note_alt` field.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "me-sumerian-divine-offices-cosmic-functions"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉺𒀭 𒈨  𒋗 𒈪𒉌𒅁𒋗𒌌",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:10",
        "translit": "ki a im-ma-ab-dug4 silim ga-mu-ni-in-ĝar",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "He commanded water for the land, saying: I will establish well-being there."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ki a im-ma-ab-dug4 silim ga-mu-ni-in-ĝar* — *he commanded water for the land, saying: I will establish well-being there*. The line closes the divine-speaker's resolution-sequence by binding the **water-allotment** to the **well-being-establishment**: water is commanded for the land precisely so that *silim* 'well-being / health / soundness' can be established. The Sumerian *silim* (Akkadian-loanword *šalāmu* 'to be well') is the broad-eudaimonia-vocabulary; cognate with Hebrew *shalom* (West-Semitic; the cognate is direct via Akkadian intermediate).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒆠 𒀀 𒅎𒈠𒀊𒅗 𒁲 𒂵𒈬𒉌𒅔𒃻",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:11",
        "translit": "an ^den-lil2 ^den-ki ^dnin-ḫur-saĝ-ĝa2-ke4",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "An, Enlil, Enki, and Ninhursaĝa —"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The divine quartet** — An, Enlil, Enki, Ninḫursaĝa. The standard Sumerian senior-divine-cluster (the cosmic-triad An / Enlil / Enki plus the birth-goddess Ninḫursaĝa). This is the **flood-decision council** in the Mesopotamian flood-tradition; the same four gods preside at Atrahasis I.i.6-15 and Gilgamesh XI.14-19. The new central entry `an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus` houses the quartet specifically; the existing central entry `an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus` houses the triad (An-Enlil-Nudimmud / Enki) in general-cosmic-function contexts. The Hebrew flood-narrative collapses the divine-quartet into the singular-deity YHWH; the Mesopotamian-Hebrew shift is documented at the new central entry's rationale.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒀭𒂗𒆠 𒀭𒎏𒊕𒂷𒆤",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:12",
        "translit": "saĝ gig2-ga mu-un-dim2-eš-a-ba",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "when they had fashioned the black-headed people,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*saĝ gig2-ga* — *the black-headed (people)*. The standard Sumerian self-designation for **humans / the Sumerian-Akkadian population**; the lexeme is corpus-wide across Sumerian literature (the Sumerian King List, Gudea Cylinders, Enki and the World Order, Inana's Descent) and corpus-wide across Akkadian literature (Atrahasis, Enuma Elish, Gilgamesh — under the Akkadian-cognate *ṣalmāt qaqqadi*). The new central entry `sag-gig-ga-black-headed-people-sumerian-self-designation-cross-corpus` houses the lexeme as the concrete-ethnonymic-counterpart to the abstract-collective `nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus`. The Hebrew comparandum is *bnei Adam* — patronymic rather than ethnonymic.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sag-gig-ga-black-headed-people-sumerian-self-designation-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒊕 𒈪𒂵 𒈬𒌦𒁶𒌍𒀀𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:13",
        "translit": "niĝ2-gilim ki-ta ki-ta mu-lu-lu",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "the small animals multiplied from the ground in every place,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*niĝ2-gilim ki-ta ki-ta mu-lu-lu* — *the small animals multiplied from the ground in every place*. The line opens the creation-of-animals sequence at A:13-14 (Sumerian parallel to Gen 1:24-25). The verb *lu* 'to be abundant / multiply' is iterated-and-reduplicated for intensified-aspect: the animals multiply abundantly from every locality. The *niĝ2-gilim* small-animal-class noun is the broad-category for terrestrial small-fauna; covered in the Enki and Ninmaḫ overlay glossary.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒃻𒄃 𒆠𒋫 𒆠𒋫 𒈬𒇻𒇻",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-A:14",
        "translit": "maš2-anše niĝ2-ur2-4 edin-na me-te-a-aš bi2-ib2-ĝal2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "and the herd-beasts, the four-legged creatures, were set as fitting ornament of the open country."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*maš2-anše niĝ2-ur2-4 edin-na me-te-a-aš bi2-ib2-ĝal2* — *and the herd-beasts, the four-legged creatures, were set as fitting ornament of the open country*. The line completes the creation-of-animals sequence. The Sumerian *me-te* 'fitting ornament / proper attribute / decorum' (overlay entry `me-te-edin-fitting-attribute-of-open-country`) is the **aesthetic-cosmological** category — the world adorned with its proper inhabitants. The Hebrew Bible parallel is the *tov / tov me'od* declarations of Gen 1 (each day's creation pronounced *good / very good*); a comparative-mythology link of the *fittingness-aesthetic-cosmology* type.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "me-te-edin-fitting-attribute-of-open-country"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈧𒀲 𒃻𒌫 𒂔𒈾 𒈨𒋼𒀀𒀸 𒉈𒌈𒅅",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "B",
    "preceding_lacuna": {
      "text": "approx. 32 lines missing",
      "approx_lines_missing": 32,
      "i18n": {
        "en": "[Approximately 32 lines missing.]"
      }
    },
    "lines": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:1",
        "translit": "[…] /mu-un\\-[…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "Reduced to a single preserved verbal-prefix *mu-un-*. The line is unrecoverable; only the cuneiform sign-residue confirms continued narrative-action by an animate subject.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒈬𒌦",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:2",
        "translit": "[…] AM3 […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "Reduced to the unparsed sign-cluster *AM3*. The line is unrecoverable beyond confirming residual cuneiform-sign-presence.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "  ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:3",
        "translit": "[…] X de5-/ga\\ ga-ba-ni-in-[…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] I will give counsel […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*X de5-ga ga-ba-ni-in-X* — *I will give counsel*. The preserved verb *de5* 'to collect / gather / take-counsel' (in the imperfective *ga-ba-* future-cohortative) signals a first-person divine speaker resolving to give counsel; the addressee is unrecoverable. The line plausibly opens the segment-B section in which the divine speaker plans the city-foundation arrangements (B:4-10).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "  𒊑𒂵 𒂵𒁀𒉌𒅔",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:4",
        "translit": "[du]-/lum\\-bi igi ga-ba-ni-ib-du8-/du8\\-[X]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Let me cause their toil to be relieved before (my) eyes […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[du]-lum-bi igi ga-ba-ni-ib-du8-du8-X* — *Let me cause their toil to be relieved before (my) eyes*. The line is a parallel-passage to the Atrahasis I.i divine-toil pericope; the *du-lum* / Akkadian-loanword *dullu* is the cross-corpus divine-toil-keyword covered by the existing central entry `du-lum-dullu-divine-toil-relieved-by-humans-cross-corpus`. The verb *du8* 'to spread / relieve / release' indicates the toil is to be **relieved** — the standard Mesopotamian *humans-relieve-divine-toil* theology; the divine speaker plans to alleviate the gods' burden through the institution-of-humans.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "du-lum-dullu-divine-toil-relieved-by-humans-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒁺𒈝𒁉 𒅆 𒂵𒁀𒉌𒅁𒂃𒂃",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:5",
        "translit": "X šidim kalam-ma-ke4 uš gen6 /ḫa\\-ba-ab-ba-[al]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] Let the builder of the Land dig (its) firm foundation."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*X šidim kalam-ma-ke4 uš gen6 ḫa-ba-ab-ba-al* — *let the builder of the Land dig (its) firm foundation*. The line names the *šidim* 'builder' (the Sumerian construction-foreman / architect; Akkadian-loanword *šitimgallu* / *šitimmu*) as the city-and-foundation-laying agent. The *kalam* 'Land' is the Sumerian collective-territorial-identity (covered by the existing central entry `kalam-ka-na-ag-the-land-cross-corpus`). The line transitions from divine-speech to the human / institutional construction-implementation.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "kalam-ka-na-ag-the-land-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒁶 𒌧𒈠𒆤 𒍑 𒄀 𒁀𒀊𒁀𒀠",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:6",
        "translit": "[ud X] X nam-lugal-la an-ta ed3-de3-a-ba",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[When …] when kingship had descended from heaven,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***nam-lugal an-ta ed3-de3-a-ba* — *when kingship had descended from heaven*.** **THE foundational Sumerian antediluvian-kingship formula** — the opening of the Sumerian King List (ETCSL 2.1.1) and the keynote of the Mesopotamian primordial-kingship-tradition. Covered by the new central entry `nam-lugal-an-ta-ed-de-a-ba-kingship-descended-from-heaven-cross-corpus`. The formula recurs at FLS-WOH-B:7 immediately (the regalia-couplet *men-gu-za* — crown-and-throne — descending alongside kingship). The Hebrew Bible's kingship-from-divine-source theology (Exod 15:18, *malkhut shamayim*, the *covenanted-kingship* concept) is functional-parallel rather than philologically-cognate.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "nam-lugal-an-ta-ed-de-a-ba-kingship-descended-from-heaven-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓   𒉆𒈗𒆷 𒀭𒋫 𒇯𒁺𒉈𒀀𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:7",
        "translit": "men maḫ ^ĝišgu-za nam-lugal-la an-ta ed3-a-ba",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "when the august crown and the throne of kingship had descended from heaven,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*men maḫ ^ĝišgu-za nam-lugal-la an-ta ed3-a-ba* — *when the august crown and the throne of kingship had descended from heaven*. The regalia-couplet — *men* 'crown' + *gu-za* 'throne' — are the synecdochic-regalia of the descended-kingship; the same pairing is the canonical Sumerian-Akkadian royal-iconography. The Hebrew comparandum is *keter* 'crown' + *kisse melekh* 'throne of the kingdom' (Esth, 1-2 Kgs); the comparative-mythology link is documented at the overlay entry `men-gu-za-nam-lugal-crown-and-throne-of-kingship-regalia-formula`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lugal-an-ta-ed-de-a-ba-kingship-descended-from-heaven-cross-corpus",
          "men-gu-za-nam-lugal-crown-and-throne-of-kingship-regalia-formula"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒃞  𒍝 𒉆𒈗𒆷 𒀭𒋫 𒇯𒁺𒀀𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:8",
        "translit": "[ĝarza me] /maḫ\\ šu mi-ni-ib-šu-du7",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "he perfected the [rites and] august [divine offices]."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[ĝarza me] maḫ šu mi-ni-ib-šu-du7* — *he perfected the [rites and] august [divine offices]*. The line recurs the creation-summary formula of FLS-WOH-A:9, here applied to the kingship-and-regalia descent of vv 6-7: kingship descends; the august-rites-and-divine-offices are perfected (i.e. instituted in their proper-functional-arrangement). The *me* divine-offices-and-cosmic-functions lexeme is covered by the existing central entry `me-sumerian-divine-offices-cosmic-functions`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "me-sumerian-divine-offices-cosmic-functions",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉺𒀭 𒈨  𒋗 𒈪𒉌𒅁𒋗𒌌",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:9",
        "translit": "[iri-bi-e]-/ne\\ [šeg12-bi ki kug-ga im]-/ma\\-an-da-šub",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[For those cities the bricks were] cast on holy ground."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[iri-bi-e]-ne [šeg12-bi ki kug-ga im]-ma-an-da-šub* — *for those cities the bricks were cast on holy ground*. The line opens the five-antediluvian-cities pericope (B:9-16) by re-deploying the *brick-cast-on-holy-ground* formula of FLS-WOH-A:6 — establishing the antediluvian-cities as ritually-grounded foundations. The brick-cast inclusio is the structural-frame for the five-cities-and-five-founder-divinities listing at B:11-15.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌷𒁉𒂊𒉈 𒋞𒁉 𒆠 𒆬𒂵 𒅎𒈠𒀭𒁕𒊒",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:10",
        "translit": "mu-bi ba-an-sa4 kab dug4-/ga\\ [ba-ḫal]-/ḫal\\-la",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Their names were called out and they were assigned by gauged measure."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*mu-bi ba-an-sa4 kab dug4-ga ba-ḫal-ḫal-la* — *their names were called out and they were assigned by gauged measure*. The line is the **opening of the city-foundation inclusio** (closed at FLS-WOH-B:16). The Sumerian *kab dug-ga* 'gauged-measure-declaration' + *ba-ḫal-ḫal-la* 'they were distributed by allotment' is the administrative-juridical idiom for **formal-divine-allotment-by-quantified-measure**. Covered by the overlay entry `kab-dug-ga-ba-hal-hal-la-allotment-by-gauged-measure-city-founding-formula`. The Hebrew comparandum is the *goral* 'lot' and *cheleq* 'portion' divine-allotment vocabulary (Deut 32:8-9).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "kab-dug-ga-ba-hal-hal-la-allotment-by-gauged-measure-city-founding-formula"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈬𒁉 𒁀𒀭𒄷𒈿 𒆏 𒅗𒂵 𒁀𒆷",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:11",
        "translit": "nesaĝ iri-be2-e-ne eridug^ki maš2-saĝ ^dnu-dim2-mud mi-ni-in-šum2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The first of these cities, Eridug, he gave to Nudimmud the leader."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The first antediluvian city — Eridug, given to Nudimmud (Enki).** *nesaĝ* 'first-fruit-offering' opens the list (the first city is the *first-offering* of the city-foundation sequence). **Eridug** (Akkadian Eridu; modern Tell Abu Shahrein) is the southernmost Sumerian city and traditionally the *first* city of the Sumerian world; Nudimmud (the Enki-fashioner-epithet, covered by the existing central entry `an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus`) is its tutelary deity. The five-antediluvian-cities pentad is covered by the new central entry `five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus`; cross-corpus to the Sumerian King List antediluvian-section, the Berossus-tradition, and the Apkallu-tradition.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉠 𒌷𒁉𒂊𒉈  𒈧𒊕 𒀭𒉡𒁶𒄷𒄭 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋧",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:12",
        "translit": "2-kam-ma-še3 nu-gig-ra bad3-tibira^ki mi-ni-in-šum2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The second, Bad-tibira, he gave to the high-status woman."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The second antediluvian city — Bad-tibira, given to the *nu-gig* (high-status / sacred-class woman).** The *nu-gig* is **anonymous** — designated by class-noun rather than proper-name; she is most-plausibly **Inana** under her *nu-gig*-epithet (Bad-tibira had a major Inana-cult). The deliberate epithet-rather-than-name parallels Eridug-Nudimmud (Enki as fashioner) — both founder-divinities are designated by office / epithet rather than standard-cult-name. The *nu-gig* lexeme is covered by the new central entry `nu-gig-high-status-woman-sacred-class-cross-corpus` which sits in cross-corpus sibling-cluster with the Hebrew *qedeshah* and *zonah* class-terms; the modern-scholarly deprecation of the older 'sacred prostitute' translation is documented in the entry.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus",
          "nu-gig-high-status-woman-sacred-class-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄰𒈠𒂠 𒉡𒍼𒊏 𒂦 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋧",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:13",
        "translit": "3-kam-ma la-ra-ag ^dpa-bil2-«ḫur»-saĝ mi-ni-in-šum2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The third, Larag, he gave to Pabilsaĝ."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The third antediluvian city — Larag, given to Pabilsaĝ.** Pabilsaĝ is a relatively-obscure Sumerian deity, associated with Larag and with the late-Mesopotamian astronomical zodiacal-Sagittarius (Akkadian *pa-bil-sag-ga* / Greek *Toxotēs*); see the overlay entry `pabilsag-bowman-deity-larag-founder-divinity`. The ETCSL form *^dpa-bil2-«ḫur»-saĝ* contains the editorial-emendation marker «ḫur» (the manuscript reads *ḫur*; the editor regards it as scribal-error and prefers *pa-bil2-saĝ*); per the project-wide overlay convention `manuscript-variant-inline-rendering-convention` the variant is silently collapsed in the English prose.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "manuscript-variant-inline-rendering-convention",
          "five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus",
          "pabilsag-bowman-deity-larag-founder-divinity"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄰𒈠 𒆷𒊏𒀝 𒀭𒉺𒉋𒊕 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋧",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:14",
        "translit": "4-kam-ma zimbir^ki šul ^dutu mi-ni-in-šum2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The fourth, Zimbir, he gave to the young hero Utu."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The fourth antediluvian city — Zimbir (Akkadian Sippar), given to Utu (Akkadian Šamaš), the young hero.** Zimbir was the cult-center of the sun-god Utu / Šamaš; the city is famous in modern scholarship under its Akkadian-form Sippar (modern Tell Abu Habbah). The new central entry `utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus` houses the deity with cross-corpus comparanda (Akkadian Šamaš, Hebrew *shemesh*, the *Beit Shemesh* cult-name). The Sumerian-source form *Zimbir* is preserved per the project-wide overlay convention `sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus",
          "utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄰𒈠  𒂄 𒀭𒌓 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋧",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:15",
        "translit": "5-kam-ma šuruppag ^dsud3^ki-ra mi-ni-in-šum2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The fifth, Šuruppag, he gave to Sud."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**The fifth and final antediluvian city — Šuruppag, given to Sud.** Šuruppag (Akkadian Shuruppak; modern Tell Fara) is the **home-city of Ziusudra** (the flood-survivor); cross-corpus to Gilgamesh XI.11 (*Šuruppak*) and the Sumerian Instructions of Shuruppak (ETCSL 5.6.1). The founder-deity Sud is the pre-Ninlil name of Enlil's spouse (Enlil-and-Sud myth ETCSL 1.2.2 narrates the courtship and the name-change). See the overlay entry `shuruppag-ziusudras-city`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "five-antediluvian-cities-eridug-bad-tibira-larag-zimbir-shuruppag-cross-corpus",
          "shuruppag-ziusudras-city"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄰𒈠 𒋢𒆳𒊒 𒀭𒊏 𒈪𒉌𒅔𒋧",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:16",
        "translit": "iri-be2-e-ne mu-bi ba-an-sa4-a kab dug4-ga ba-ḫal-ḫal-la",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "These cities — their names had been called out, they had been assigned by gauged measure."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*iri-be2-e-ne mu-bi ba-an-sa4-a kab dug4-ga ba-ḫal-ḫal-la* — *these cities — their names had been called out, they had been assigned by gauged measure*. The inclusio closes the city-foundation pericope by recurring the formula of FLS-WOH-B:10 in the perfective. See the overlay entry `kab-dug-ga-ba-hal-hal-la-allotment-by-gauged-measure-city-founding-formula`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "kab-dug-ga-ba-hal-hal-la-allotment-by-gauged-measure-city-founding-formula"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌷𒁉𒂊𒉈 𒈬𒁉 𒁀𒀭𒄷𒈿𒀀 𒆏 𒅗𒂵 𒁀𒆷",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:17",
        "translit": "id2 IM GUN2^? ma-an-šu4-am3 im-ma-al-la a im-ma-an-de6",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The watercourse […] was covered for them; […] carried the water."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*id2 IM GUN2^? ma-an-šu4-am3 im-ma-al-la a im-ma-an-de6* — partially-obscure; ETCSL preserves *IM*, *GUN2^?*, and the *im-ma-al-la* as unparsed sign-clusters with philological-uncertainty markers. The preserved continuation *a im-ma-an-de6* — *(the) water was carried* — names the **water-allocation** moment in the post-city-founding institution of the watercourse-system. The line plausibly continues the divine-water-allotment sequence of FLS-WOH-A:10.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒇉 𒅎  𒈠𒀭𒌋𒀀𒀭 𒅎𒈠𒀠𒆷 𒀀 𒅎𒈠𒀭𒁺",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-B:18",
        "translit": "id2 tur-tur-re šu luḫ-bi ĜAR ḪAR-ḪAR mi-ni-ib2-ĝar-ĝar",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Of the smaller watercourses, their cleansing-channels […] were set in place."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*id2 tur-tur-re šu luḫ-bi ĜAR ḪAR-ḪAR mi-ni-ib2-ĝar-ĝar* — *of the smaller watercourses, their cleansing-channels were set in place*. The line completes the water-allocation institution at B:17-18: the major watercourses (*id2*, B:17) are allocated; the minor cleansing-channels (*id2 tur-tur*, B:18) are likewise set up. The Sumerian *šu luḫ* 'cleansing / purification' is the technical-irrigation-and-temple-purification vocabulary.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒇉 𒌉𒌉𒊑 𒋗 𒁉   𒈪𒉌𒌈𒃻𒃻",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "C",
    "preceding_lacuna": {
      "text": "approx. 34 lines missing",
      "approx_lines_missing": 34,
      "i18n": {
        "en": "[Approximately 34 lines missing.]"
      }
    },
    "lines": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:1",
        "translit": "ki-tuš an-na X […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The dwelling-place of heaven […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ki-tuš an-na X ...* — *the dwelling-place of heaven ...*. The line opens segment C (after the ~34-line lacuna) with a reference to the **dwelling-place of heaven** (*ki-tuš an-na* — the cosmic-residence of An / the celestial realm). The continuation is bracketed.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒆠𒆪 𒀭𒈾  ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:2",
        "translit": "e-[…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "Reduced to *e-...* — a single preserved verbal-prefix or noun-fragment. Unrecoverable.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒂊",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:3",
        "translit": "a-ma-ru […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The flood […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***a-ma-ru ...* — *the flood ...***. The first explicit mention of the flood in the preserved-text. The Sumerian *a-ma-ru* — the textual-keyword of this composition and the foundational Sumerian flood-vocabulary lexeme — is covered by the new central entry `a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus`. The lexeme sits in cross-corpus three-way sibling-cluster with the Akkadian *abūbu* (Atrahasis / Gilgamesh XI) and the Hebrew *mabbul* (Gen 6-11). The line's continuation is bracketed; the announcement of the flood is fully-developed at FLS-WOH-C:22-26.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒈠𒊒 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:4",
        "translit": "nam-lu2-[ulu3 …]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Humankind […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*nam-lu2-[ulu3 ...]* — *humankind ...*. Only the abstract-collective *nam-lu2-ulu3* (covered by the existing central entry `nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus`) is preserved; the continuation is bracketed. The line plausibly begins the description of humankind's-impending-fate after the flood-announcement at C:3.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉆𒇽𒍇 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:5",
        "translit": "/ur5-gin7\\ bi2-in-ak […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Thus it was done […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ur5-gin7 bi2-in-ak ...* — *thus it was done ...*. The Sumerian demonstrative-equative *ur5-gin7* 'in this manner / thus' + the perfective *bi2-in-ak* 'he / they did' is a narrative-summary formula. The continuation is bracketed.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄯𒁶 𒉈𒅔𒀝 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:6",
        "translit": "ud-bi-a ^dnin-/tur5\\ […] DIM2 A […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "In those days Nintur […] fashioned […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ud-bi-a ^dnin-tur5 ... DIM2 A ...* — *In those days Nintur ... fashioned ...*. The temporal-deictic *ud-bi-a* 'in those days' opens a narrative-flashback or reorienting-temporal frame. **Nintur** (the birth-goddess; covered by the new central entry `nintur-nintud-ninhursaga-birth-goddess-epithet-cluster-cross-corpus`) is the subject of the *dim2* 'to fashion / create' verb (preserved as the upper-case unparsed *DIM2*). The line is fragmentary but signals Nintur's role as the **fashioner of (humankind / creatures)** — paralleling the Enki and Ninmaḫ creation-of-humans pericope.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "nintur-nintud-ninhursaga-birth-goddess-epithet-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓𒁉𒀀 𒀭𒎏𒌅   𒀀 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:7",
        "translit": "kug ^dinana-ke4 uĝ3-bi-še3 a-nir mu-[un-ĝa2-ĝa2]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Holy Inana was setting up a lament for her people."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*kug ^dinana-ke4 uĝ3-bi-še3 a-nir mu-[un-ĝa2-ĝa2]* — *Holy Inana was setting up a lament for her people*. The line places Inana (Akkadian Ishtar) as the **divine-feminine lament-figure** in the face of the coming flood. Covered by the new central entry `inana-laments-her-people-flood-divine-feminine-lament-cross-corpus`. The Sumerian city-lament tradition (ETCSL 2.2.x — the Lament for Ur, Lament for Sumer and Ur, Eridu Lament) develops the divine-feminine-lament genre extensively; the Hebrew structural-parallel is the Rachel-weeping-for-her-children at Jer 31:15 (covered by the existing central entry `havah-li-banim-rachel-cry`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "inana-laments-her-people-flood-divine-feminine-lament-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒆬 𒀭𒈹𒆤 𒌦𒁉𒂠 𒀀𒉪 𒈬𒌦𒂷𒂷",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:8",
        "translit": "^den-ki šag4 ni2-te-na-ke4 ad i-ni-/in\\-[gi4-gi4]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Enki took counsel in his own heart."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***Enki šag4 ni2-te-na-ke4 ad i-ni-in-gi4-gi4* — *Enki took counsel in his own heart***. The foundational **Enki-private-deliberation** trope: the wisdom-god, alone, considering the divine flood-decree. Covered by the new central entry `enki-deliberates-in-his-own-heart-wisdom-god-private-deliberation-cross-corpus`. The Hebrew structural-parallels are Yahweh's pre-flood deliberation at Gen 6:6 (*va-yit'atzev el libbo* — *and he grieved to his heart*) and Yahweh's pre-Sodom deliberation at Gen 18:17 (*ha-mekhasse ani me-Avraham asher ani oseh* — *shall I hide from Abraham what I am doing?*).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "enki-deliberates-in-his-own-heart-wisdom-god-private-deliberation-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭𒂗𒆠 𒊮 𒉎𒋼𒈾𒆤 𒀜 𒄿𒉌𒅔𒄄𒄄",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:9",
        "translit": "an ^den-lil2 ^den-ki ^dnin-ḫur-saĝ-ĝa2-[ke4]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "An, Enlil, Enki, and Ninhursaĝa —"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "The divine quartet — An, Enlil, Enki, Ninḫursaĝa — recurs (cf. FLS-WOH-A:11) in the flood-council context. See the new central entry `an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus`.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒀭𒂗𒆠 𒀭𒎏𒊕𒂷𒆤",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:10",
        "translit": "diĝir an ki-ke4 mu an ^den-lil2 mu-X-[pad3]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "the gods of heaven and earth invoked the names of An and Enlil."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*diĝir an ki-ke4 mu an ^den-lil2 mu-X-[pad3]* — *the gods of heaven and earth invoked the names of An and Enlil*. The verb *pad3* 'to find / invoke (a name in an oath)' is the standard Sumerian oath-invocation idiom; the line foreshadows the *zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3* oath-formula at FLS-WOH-E:1-2 (covered by the new central entry `zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus`). The deities here perform the **assembly-oath** that binds the flood-decree as irrevocable (covered by the new central entry `di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "digir-sumerian-divine-lexeme-cross-corpus",
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus",
          "di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒀭 𒆠𒆤 𒈬 𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒈬𒅆𒊒",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:11",
        "translit": "ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 gudug X […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "In those days Ziusudra the king, the gudug-priest, […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "**Ziusudra's introduction in the preserved text** — *ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3 gudug X ...* — *In those days Ziusudra was the king, the gudug-priest, ...*. Ziusudra's name parses transparently in Sumerian as *zi* 'life-breath' + *ud* 'day' + *su3-ra2* 'long, distant' — *life of long days*. The name is **proleptic**: it encodes the protagonist's eventual apotheosis (FLS-WOH-E:7-8 — *til3 diĝir-gin7* 'life like a god'; *zi da-ri2 diĝir-gin7* 'eternal life like a god'). Covered by the new central entry `ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus` — the five-tradition cross-corpus sibling-cluster (Sumerian Ziusudra / Akkadian Atra-ḫasīs / Akkadian Ūta-napishtim / Greek Xisouthros / Hebrew Noach). The line also gives Ziusudra two titles: *lugal* 'the king' and *gudug* (a specific Mesopotamian priestly-office; covered by the overlay entry `gudug-priest-mesopotamian-temple-office`). The priest-king dual-office parallels the Hebrew Melchizedek (Gen 14:18-20).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus",
          "gudug-priest-mesopotamian-temple-office"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓𒁀 𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒈗𒀀𒀭 𒄴𒈨  ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:12",
        "translit": "an saĝ NIĜIN mu-un-dim2-dim2 EN […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "He fashioned a […], turning (his) head (towards) heaven […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*an saĝ NIĜIN mu-un-dim2-dim2 EN ...* — *He fashioned a ..., turning (his) head (towards) heaven ...*. The unparsed *NIĜIN* and *EN* sign-clusters preserve philological-uncertainty in the cuneiform-reading. The preserved-fragment indicates Ziusudra's **head-turned-towards-heaven** posture — a ritual / supplicatory gesture preceding the revelation-of-the-flood-warning.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒊕  𒈬𒌦𒁶𒁶 𒂗 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:13",
        "translit": "nam-sun5-na inim sig10-sig10-ge ni2 teĝ3-ĝe26 […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "In humility, placing his words, drawing near in awe […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*nam-sun5-na inim sig10-sig10-ge ni2 teĝ3-ĝe26 ...* — *in humility, placing his words, drawing near in awe ...*. The *nam-sun5-na* 'humility' + *ni2 teĝ3* 'to draw near in awe / fear' construction is the Sumerian **reverent-supplication** formula. Ziusudra's day-by-day standing-attendance posture (continued at C:14) is the **wakeful-vigilant-supplication** preceding the revelation.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉆𒁔𒈾 𒅗 𒋧𒋧𒄀 𒉎 𒋼𒂷 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:14",
        "translit": "ud šu2-uš-e saĝ us2 gub-ba […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Day after day, standing in steady attendance […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ud šu2-uš-e saĝ us2 gub-ba ...* — *day after day, standing in steady attendance ...*. The *ud šu2-uš-e* 'day-after-day / continuously' + *saĝ us2 gub-ba* 'standing with head adjacent / in steady attendance' continues the day-by-day-vigilance posture of C:13. The line sets up the **revelation-by-waking-utterance** at C:15.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓 𒋙𒍑𒂊 𒊕 𒍑 𒁺𒁀 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:15",
        "translit": "ma-mu2 nu-me-a ed2-de3 inim /bal\\ […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Something that was not a dream came forth, an utterance […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***ma-mu2 nu-me-a ed2-de3 inim /bal\\ ...* — *something that was not a dream came forth, an utterance ...***. The **waking-revelation / not-a-dream** trope: Enki communicates to Ziusudra not through a dream but through an **audible-utterance** that the text explicitly distinguishes from dream-revelation by negation. Covered by the new central entry `ma-mu-nu-me-a-not-a-dream-waking-revelation-cross-corpus`. The Hebrew structural-parallel is Num 12:6-8 (the dream-vs-mouth-to-mouth distinction in Yahweh's prophetic-revelation hierarchy).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "ma-mu-nu-me-a-not-a-dream-waking-revelation-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈠𒊬 𒉡𒈨𒀀 𒌓𒁺𒉈 𒅗 𒁄 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:16",
        "translit": "mu an ki-bi-ta pad3-pad3-de3 […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Invoking by name (the gods of) heaven and earth […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*mu an ki-bi-ta pad3-pad3-de3 ...* — *invoking by name (the gods of) heaven and earth ...*. The verb *pad3* 'to invoke (a name in an oath)' is reduplicated for iterative-aspect; the line continues the oath-and-invocation pattern of C:10 and foreshadows the FLS-WOH-E:1-2 oath-by-the-life-of-heaven-and-earth.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈬 𒀭 𒆠𒁉𒋫 𒅆𒊒𒅆𒊒𒉈 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:17",
        "translit": "/ki^?\\-ur3-še3 diĝir-re-e-ne e2-ĝar8 […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Toward the Ki-ur the gods (made) a wall […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ki-ur3-še3 diĝir-re-e-ne e2-ĝar8 ...* — *toward the Ki-ur the gods (made) a wall ...*. The **Ki-ur** is the courtyard / cult-precinct of the E-kur temple of Enlil at Nippur — Enlil's principal cult-center (the E-kur is covered by the existing central entry `ekur-house-of-the-mountain-enlil-temple-cross-corpus`). The *e2-ĝar8* 'wall' here is the **wall through which Enki speaks** — anticipating the wall-side-wall trope at FLS-WOH-C:19-21.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "digir-sumerian-divine-lexeme-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒃡𒂠 𒀭𒊑𒂊𒉈 𒂍𒋞 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:18",
        "translit": "zi-ud-su3-ra2 da-bi gub-ba ĝiš mu-[un-tuku]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Ziusudra, standing alongside, gave ear (to it)."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*zi-ud-su3-ra2 da-bi gub-ba ĝiš mu-[un-tuku]* — *Ziusudra, standing alongside, gave ear (to it)*. The Sumerian idiom *ĝiš tuku* (literally 'to have ear / wood') is the standard 'to hear / attend to' idiom; the construction *da-bi gub-ba* 'standing at the side' positions Ziusudra at the side-wall — the geometry of the through-the-wall-revelation.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒁕𒁉 𒁺𒁀 𒄑 𒈬𒌦𒌇",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 19,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:19",
        "translit": "iz-zi-da a2 gab2-bu-ĝu10 gub-ba […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "(He said:) 'Side-wall, stand at my left side […]'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***iz-zi-da a2 gab2-bu-ĝu10 gub-ba ...* — *(He said:) 'Side-wall, stand at my left side ...'***. The **talking-through-the-wall trope** — Enki addresses not Ziusudra directly but the side-wall, so as not-technically-violate the oath-of-silence. Covered by the new central entry `iz-zi-da-kikkish-talking-through-the-wall-to-keep-an-oath-flood-trope-cross-corpus`. The cross-corpus Akkadian parallel is Gilgamesh XI.21-22 (*kikkiš kikkiš igâru igâru* — *reed-hut, reed-hut! wall, wall!*); Atrahasis III.i.20 deploys the same trope. The Hebrew flood-narrative has no exact parallel; the Yahweh-singular-decision has dispensed with the assembly-oath that motivates the wall-trope.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "iz-zi-da-kikkish-talking-through-the-wall-to-keep-an-oath-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄑𒍣𒁕 𒀉 𒆏𒁍𒈬 𒁺𒁀 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 20,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:20",
        "translit": "iz-zi-da inim ga-ra-ab-dug4 inim-[ĝu10 ḫe2-dab5]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'Side-wall, I will speak a word to you; let [my] word [be heeded].'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*iz-zi-da inim ga-ra-ab-dug4 inim-[ĝu10 ḫe2-dab5]* — *'Side-wall, I will speak a word to you; let [my] word [be heeded]'*. The reduplicated address-to-the-wall continues from C:19; the construction *inim dug4* + *inim dab5* 'to speak a word / let the word be seized' frames the address as binding-instruction (the wall is to retain Enki's word for the listening-Ziusudra).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "iz-zi-da-kikkish-talking-through-the-wall-to-keep-an-oath-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒄑𒍣𒁕 𒅗 𒂵𒊏𒀊𒅗 𒅗𒈬 𒆪",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 21,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:21",
        "translit": "na de5-ga-ĝu10 ĝizzal [ḫe2-em-ši-ak]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'[Let attention be paid] to my counsel.'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*na de5-ga-ĝu10 ĝizzal [ḫe2-em-ši-ak]* — *'[Let attention be paid] to my counsel'*. The Sumerian *na de5* 'counsel / advice' + *ĝizzal ak* 'to give ear / attend' is the standard wisdom-literature attention-formula (parallels in the Instructions of Shuruppak ETCSL 5.6.1 — addressed *from* Šuruppak *to* Ziusudra in the wisdom-tradition).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "iz-zi-da-kikkish-talking-through-the-wall-to-keep-an-oath-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈾 𒊑𒂵𒈬 𒄑𒌆𒉿𒎓𒋡 𒅎𒅆𒀝",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 22,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:22",
        "translit": "DAG-me-a a-ma-ru ugu kab /dug4\\-[ga …] ba-/ur3\\ […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'By our […], a flood will sweep over the cult-centres […]'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***DAG-me-a a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-[ga ...] ba-/ur3\\ ...* — *'By our [...], a flood will sweep over the cult-centres ...'***. The **explicit announcement of the coming flood**. The opening *DAG-me-a* is partially-obscure (the *DAG* sign has multiple values; ETCSL preserves the sign-uppercase to flag the philological-crux); the most-plausible parsing is *dag-me-a* 'in our cult-stations / dwelling-places' — the divine collective's seats. See the overlay entry `dag-me-a-our-dwelling-places-c22-crux`. The continuation *ugu kab dug4-ga ba-ur3* — *will sweep over the cult-centres / the gauged-places* — recurs verbatim at FLS-WOH-D:2 as the actualization. The destruction-decree cluster is covered by the new central entry `divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus`; cross-corpus Atrahasis II.viii, Gilgamesh XI.14, Hebrew Gen 6:5-7.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "dag-me-a-our-dwelling-places-c22-crux",
          "a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus",
          "divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒁖𒈨𒀀 𒀀𒈠𒊒 𒌋𒅗 𒆏 𒅗𒂵  𒁀𒃡 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 23,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:23",
        "translit": "numun nam-lu2-ulu3 ḫa-lam-e-/de3\\ [nam-bi ba-tar]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'To destroy the seed of humankind — [such has been its destiny decreed].'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***numun nam-lu2-ulu3 ḫa-lam-e-de3 [nam-bi ba-tar]* — *'To destroy the seed of humankind — [such has been its destiny decreed]'***. The explicit destruction-decree. The verbal *nam tar* 'to cut a destiny' (covered by the existing central entry `nam-sumerian-destiny-fate-cross-corpus`) is here applied to the **destruction-of-the-seed-of-humankind** (covered by the overlay entry `numun-nam-lu-ulu-seed-of-humankind-c23` and the new central entry `divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus`). Cross-corpus Atrahasis II.viii, Gilgamesh XI.14, Hebrew Gen 6:7 (*emcheh et ha-adam* — *I will blot out humankind*). The structural-counterpart is Ziusudra's preservation-of-the-seed at FLS-WOH-E:10.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus",
          "nam-sumerian-destiny-fate-cross-corpus",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "numun-nam-lu-ulu-seed-of-humankind-c23",
          "divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒆰 𒉆𒇽𒍇 𒇴𒂊𒉈 𒉆𒁉 𒁀𒋻",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 24,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:24",
        "translit": "di-til-la inim pu-uḫ2-ru-[um-ma-ka šu gi4-gi4 nu-ĝal2]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'It is a concluded verdict; the word of the [assembly cannot be revoked].'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***di-til-la inim pu-uḫ2-ru-[um-ma-ka šu gi4-gi4 nu-ĝal2]* — *'It is a concluded verdict; the word of the [assembly cannot be revoked]'***. The foundational Sumerian **irrevocability-of-divine-decree** formula. The technical-juridical *di-til-la* 'completed-court-case' + *pu-uḫ2-ru-um* 'assembly' (the Sumerian-Akkadian *puḫrum*) + *šu gi4-gi4 nu-ĝal2* 'no returning the hand' (= no revocation). Covered by the new central entry `di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus`. The Hebrew structural-parallel is *sod YHWH* (Jer 23:18; Ps 89:8) and the irrevocability-of-YHWH's-plan (Isa 14:24-27; 46:10-11).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒁲𒌀𒆷 𒅗 𒁍𒊒𒌝𒈠𒅗 𒋗 𒄄𒄄 𒉡𒅅",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 25,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:25",
        "translit": "inim dug4-ga an ^den-[lil2-la2-ka] [šu bal-e nu-zu]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'The command spoken by An and En[lil] [cannot be overturned].'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*inim dug4-ga an ^den-[lil2-la2-ka] [šu bal-e nu-zu]* — *'The command spoken by An and En[lil] [cannot be overturned]'*. The line restates the irrevocability-of-the-flood-decree with the **specific divine-actors** named — An and Enlil; the senior-divine-pair whose command-spoken cannot be reversed. The verb *šu bal* 'to overturn / reverse' + negative *nu-zu* 'unknown / not-existing' is parallel to the *šu gi4-gi4 nu-ĝal2* of C:24.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "di-til-la-puhrum-irrevocability-of-divine-assembly-decree-cross-corpus",
          "an-enlil-enki-ninhursaga-flood-council-quartet-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒅗 𒅗𒂵 𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤𒇲𒅗 𒋗 𒁄𒂊 𒉡𒍪",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 26,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:26",
        "translit": "nam-lugal-bi bal-bi /ba\\-[bur12 e-ne šag4 kuš2-u3-de3]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'Its kingship, its term (of office), has been [torn out — they have wearied of taking counsel].'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*nam-lugal-bi bal-bi ba-[bur12 e-ne šag4 kuš2-u3-de3]* — *'Its kingship, its term (of office), has been [torn out — they have wearied of taking counsel]'*. The line announces the **end-of-the-antediluvian-kingship-era**: the kingship that descended from heaven at FLS-WOH-B:6 is now **torn out** (verb *bur12* 'to tear out, remove'); the *bal* 'term-in-office' is over. The gods have **wearied of taking counsel** (*šag4 kuš2* 'to tire the heart / be tired in deliberation') — a poetic-anthropomorphism for the decree-as-final. Cross-corpus to the Sumerian King List's transition-between-kingships and to the post-flood restart-of-kingship at Kish.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "nam-lugal-an-ta-ed-de-a-ba-kingship-descended-from-heaven-cross-corpus",
          "divine-decree-to-destroy-humankind-flood-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒉆𒈗𒁉 𒁄𒁉 𒁀𒁍 𒂊𒉈 𒊮 𒊨𒅇𒉈",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 27,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:27",
        "translit": "/e\\-ne-eš2 […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'Now […]'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*e-ne-eš2 ...* — *'Now ...'*. The Sumerian narrative-deictic *i3-ne-eš2* 'now' opens a new discourse-segment; the continuation is bracketed. The line likely begins a transitional-or-imperative-instruction following the kingship-revocation announcement.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒂊𒉈𒂠 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 28,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-C:28",
        "translit": "/a\\-na MU-/MU\\ […]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'What […]'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*a-na MU-MU ...* — *'What ...'*. The Sumerian interrogative *a-na* 'what' opens a question; the continuation (with the unparsed *MU-MU*) is bracketed.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒈾 𒈬𒈬 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "D",
    "preceding_lacuna": {
      "text": "approx. 38 lines missing",
      "approx_lines_missing": 38,
      "i18n": {
        "en": "[Approximately 38 lines missing.]"
      }
    },
    "lines": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:1",
        "translit": "im-ḫul-im-ḫul ^tum9si-si-ig du3-a-bi teš2-bi i3-sug2-ge-eš",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "All the destructive storms and gale-winds, every one of them, stood together as one."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***im-ḫul-im-ḫul ^tum9si-si-ig du3-a-bi teš2-bi i3-sug2-ge-eš* — *All the destructive storms and gale-winds, every one of them, stood together as one***. The opening of segment D — the **actualization** of the flood-storm decreed in segment C. The Sumerian *im-ḫul* (Akkadian-loanword *imḫullu*) is the foundational Mesopotamian destructive-wind vocabulary (covered by the new central entry `im-hul-imhullu-destructive-storm-wind-mesopotamian-storm-vocabulary-cross-corpus`); cross-corpus to Enuma Elish IV.96 (Marduk's evil-wind weapon) and the Hebrew *ruach ra'ah*. The paired *si-si-ig* gale-wind (covered by the overlay entry `si-si-ig-gale-wind-storm-vocabulary`) escalates. The reduplication-and-pairing produces a comprehensive **all-storm-and-wind-vocabulary-mobilized** image: the entirety of the storm-weather-system is mobilized as a single agent.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "im-hul-imhullu-destructive-storm-wind-mesopotamian-storm-vocabulary-cross-corpus",
          "si-si-ig-gale-wind-storm-vocabulary"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒅎𒅎 𒋛𒅅 𒆕𒀀𒁉 𒌨𒁉 𒉌𒁻𒄀𒌍",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:2",
        "translit": "a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-ga ba-an-da-ab-ur3-e",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The flood swept over the cult-centres."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-ga ba-an-da-ab-ur3-e* — *the flood swept over the cult-centres*. The line is the **actualization** of the flood-announcement at FLS-WOH-C:22 (*a-ma-ru ugu kab dug4-ga ba-ur3* — *a flood will sweep over the cult-centres*). The verbatim-recurrence of the announcement-and-execution couplet is the Sumerian narrative's prophecy-fulfillment-marker.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒈠𒊒 𒌋𒅗 𒆏 𒅗𒂵 𒁀𒀭𒁕𒀊𒃡𒂊",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:3",
        "translit": "ud 7-am3 ĝi6 7-am3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "For seven days and seven nights —"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***ud 7-am3 ĝi6 7-am3* — *For seven days and seven nights***. **THE SEVEN-DAY FLOOD** — the canonical Mesopotamian flood-duration formula. Covered by the new central entry `seven-day-flood-vs-forty-day-flood-duration-tradition-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus Atrahasis III.iv.24-25 (*seven days seven nights*); Gilgamesh XI.128 (*six days and seven nights* — the variant); contrast Hebrew Gen 7:12 (*forty days and forty nights*). The Mesopotamian-7 → Hebrew-40 transformation is **one of the most-cited cross-corpus Mesopotamian-Hebrew flood-tradition diagnostics** — the Hebrew tradition multiplies the Mesopotamian seven by approximately six to yield the typologically-intensified forty.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "seven-day-flood-vs-forty-day-flood-duration-tradition-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓 𒀀𒀭 𒈪 𒀀𒀭",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:4",
        "translit": "a-ma-ru kalam-ma ba-ur3-ra-ta",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "after the flood had swept over the Land,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*a-ma-ru kalam-ma ba-ur3-ra-ta* — *after the flood had swept over the Land*. The temporal-subordinate clause introduces the **post-storm-pericope** at D:5-11. The *kalam* 'the Land' is the Sumerian collective-territorial-identity (covered by the existing central entry `kalam-ka-na-ag-the-land-cross-corpus`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "kalam-ka-na-ag-the-land-cross-corpus",
          "a-ma-ru-abubu-mabbul-great-flood-vocabulary-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀀𒈠𒊒 𒌧𒈠 𒁀𒃡𒊏𒋫",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:5",
        "translit": "^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4 a gal-la im-ḫul tuku4-tuku4-a-ta",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "and the great boat had been tossed by the destructive storms on the great waters,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4 a gal-la im-ḫul tuku4-tuku4-a-ta* — *and the great boat had been tossed by the destructive storms on the great waters***. The Sumerian *ma2 gur4-gur4* — *the great boat / the rounded boat* — is Ziusudra's vessel. Covered by the new central entry `ma-gur-eleppu-tevah-flood-vessel-cross-corpus` — three-way sibling-cluster with the Akkadian *eleppu* (Atrahasis, Gilgamesh XI) and the Hebrew *tevah* (Gen 6:14-16, Exod 2:3). The verb *tuku4* 'to shake / toss' captures the boat's storm-tossed motion on the great-waters.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "ma-gur-eleppu-tevah-flood-vessel-cross-corpus",
          "im-hul-imhullu-destructive-storm-wind-mesopotamian-storm-vocabulary-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒆸𒆸 𒀀 𒃲𒆷 𒅎 𒇧𒇧𒀀𒋫",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:6",
        "translit": "^dutu i-im-ma-ra-e3 an ki-a ud ĝa2-ĝa2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Utu came forth, casting his light over heaven and earth."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***^dutu i-im-ma-ra-e3 an ki-a ud ĝa2-ĝa2* — *Utu came forth, casting his light over heaven and earth***. The **post-storm-sunrise**: Utu (Sumerian sun-god; Akkadian Šamaš; covered by the new central entry `utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus`) emerges after the seven-day storm. Cross-corpus Gilgamesh XI.131-134 (the storm subsides; the day brightens); Hebrew Gen 8:1 (*va-yaaver Elohim ruach al ha-aretz va-yashoku ha-mayim* — *Elohim caused a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters abated*).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭𒌓 𒄿𒅎𒈠𒊏𒌓𒁺 𒀭 𒆠𒀀 𒌓 𒂷𒂷",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:7",
        "translit": "zi-ud-su3-ra2 ^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4 ab-BUR2 mu-un-da-buru3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Ziusudra cut an opening in the great boat."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***zi-ud-su3-ra2 ^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4 ab-BUR2 mu-un-da-buru3* — *Ziusudra cut an opening in the great boat***. The **boat-window / aperture** trope. The Sumerian *ab-BUR2* (covered by the new central entry `ab-bur-aptu-chalon-ha-tevah-flood-boat-window-cross-corpus`) sits in three-way sibling-cluster with the Akkadian *aptu* (Gilgamesh XI.135-136 — *aptam upattī-ma ūru iqtul ina pānīya* — *I opened the window, and light fell upon my face*) and the Hebrew *chalon ha-tevah* (Gen 8:6 — *va-yiftach Noach et chalon ha-tevah*). The flood-survivor-opens-aperture trope is one of the most-cited cross-corpus diagnostics for the Mesopotamian-Hebrew flood-tradition.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "ab-bur-aptu-chalon-ha-tevah-flood-boat-window-cross-corpus",
          "ma-gur-eleppu-tevah-flood-vessel-cross-corpus",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺  𒆸𒆸 𒀊𒁔 𒈬𒌦𒁕𒌋",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:8",
        "translit": "šul ^dutu ĝiš-nu11-ni-da ^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4-še3 ba-an-kur9-re-en",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The young hero Utu brought his light into the great boat."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*šul ^dutu ĝiš-nu11-ni-da ^ĝišma2 gur4-gur4-še3 ba-an-kur9-re-en* — *The young hero Utu brought his light into the great boat*. Utu's light enters through the just-cut aperture (D:7); the Sumerian *ĝiš-nu11* 'light' is the technical-luminescence vocabulary. The line is the symmetric-counterpart to Gilgamesh XI.135-136 (*ūru iqtul ina pānīya* — *light fell upon my face*).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus",
          "ma-gur-eleppu-tevah-flood-vessel-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒂄 𒀭𒌓 𒄑𒉢𒉌𒁕  𒆸𒆸𒂠 𒁀𒀭𒆭𒊑𒂗",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:9",
        "translit": "zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Ziusudra the king"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* — *Ziusudra the king*. The Sumerian *lugal* 'king' title continues from C:11; here functions as the subject-of-the-following-line (D:10), with the line-break used for emphatic-position.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒈗𒀀𒀭",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:10",
        "translit": "igi ^dutu-še3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-gub",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "prostrated himself before Utu, rubbing his nose to the ground."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***igi ^dutu-še3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-gub* — *prostrated himself before Utu, rubbing his nose to the ground***. The full-body **prostration gesture** — Sumerian *giri17 ki su-ub* (literally 'rubbing the nose to the ground'); cross-corpus the Akkadian *appa labānu* and the Hebrew *shachah apayim artzah*. Covered by the new central entry `giri-ki-su-ub-appa-labanu-prostration-gesture-cross-corpus`. The first post-flood-prostration (the second is before An and Enlil at FLS-WOH-E:5). Ziusudra's prostration before Utu is the **thanksgiving-for-the-post-storm-sunrise** moment — Utu the sun-god (and divinity-of-justice) is the first deity acknowledged after the storm.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "giri-ki-su-ub-appa-labanu-prostration-gesture-cross-corpus",
          "utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒅆 𒀭𒌓𒂠 𒅗 𒆠 𒋢𒌒 𒁀𒁺",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:11",
        "translit": "lugal-e gud im-ma-ab-gaz-e udu im-ma-ab-šar2-re",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The king slaughtered an ox and offered up sheep in abundance."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***lugal-e gud im-ma-ab-gaz-e udu im-ma-ab-šar2-re* — *The king slaughtered an ox and offered up sheep in abundance***. The **post-flood thanksgiving-sacrifice** — one of the most-cited cross-corpus Mesopotamian-Hebrew flood-tradition parallels. Covered by the new central entry `post-flood-thanksgiving-sacrifice-trope-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus Atrahasis III.v (Atrahasis's sacrifice; the gods crowd around the smoke *like flies*); Gilgamesh XI.155-160 (Utnapishtim's sacrifice; the gods smell *erīša ṭāba* 'the sweet savor'); Hebrew Gen 8:20-21 (Noah builds an altar; YHWH smells *reiach ha-nichoach* 'the sweet savor'). The Hebrew *reiach ha-nichoach* and the Akkadian *erīša ṭāba* are **lexical-and-semantic cognates** — one of the most-direct Mesopotamian-Hebrew lexical-parallels in the flood-tradition.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "post-flood-thanksgiving-sacrifice-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈗𒂊 𒄞 𒅎𒈠𒀊𒄤𒂊 𒇻 𒅎𒈠𒀊𒊹𒊑",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:12",
        "translit": "[…] X si gal […] sikil-la-da",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] a great horn […] (made) pure […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[...] X si gal [...] sikil-la-da* — *[...] a great horn [...] (made) pure [...]*. The line is heavily-fragmented; the preserved *si gal* 'great horn' and *sikil-la-da* 'in purity / purified' indicate residual sacrifice-and-purification vocabulary continuing from the D:11 thanksgiving-sacrifice scene.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "post-flood-thanksgiving-sacrifice-trope-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "  𒋛 𒃲  𒂖𒆷𒁕",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:13",
        "translit": "[…] X mu-un-na-X-X-ba",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] was allotted to him […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[...] X mu-un-na-X-X-ba* — *[...] was allotted to him [...]*. The preserved verb *ba* 'to allot / divide / distribute' suggests a continuing-allocation-and-allotment scene; the addressee (*-na-* '-to-him-') is implied to be Ziusudra. Unrecoverable beyond the verbal-sense.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "  𒈬𒌦𒈾𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      },
      {
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:14",
        "translit": "[…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "Reduced to bare brackets — *[...]*. Fully-lacuna.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      },
      {
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:15",
        "translit": "[…] bi2-in-si",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] he filled."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[...] bi2-in-si* — *[...] he filled*. The preserved verb *si* 'to fill / fill up' indicates a residual filling-action; the object is unrecoverable.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒉈𒅔𒋛",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:16",
        "translit": "[…] X tab-ba",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…] paired […]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[...] X tab-ba* — *[...] paired [...]*. The preserved verb *tab* 'to be parallel / paired' indicates a pairing-action — possibly the pairs-of-animals continuation (Gen 7:2-3 has Noah load the pairs into the ark; the Mesopotamian flood-tradition's pair-of-animals motif may be reflected here).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "  𒋰𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-D:17",
        "translit": "[…] A X",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "[…]"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*[...] A X* — fully-lacuna with only residual cuneiform-sign-traces. Unrecoverable.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard"
        ],
        "cuneiform": " 𒀀 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "E",
    "preceding_lacuna": {
      "text": "approx. 33 lines missing",
      "approx_lines_missing": 33,
      "i18n": {
        "en": "[Approximately 33 lines missing.]"
      }
    },
    "lines": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:1",
        "translit": "zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-en-ze2-en za-zu-da ḫe2-em-da-la2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'You (gods) have sworn by the life of heaven and the life of earth — you yourselves should be bound by it.'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-en-ze2-en za-zu-da ḫe2-em-da-la2* — *'You (gods) have sworn by the life of heaven and the life of earth — you yourselves should be bound by it'***. **THE OATH-BY-LIFE-OF-HEAVEN-AND-LIFE-OF-EARTH FORMULA** — the foundational Mesopotamian oath-formula. The Sumerian *zi an-na zi ki-a* deploys the *zi* life-breath keyword (covered by the existing central entry `zi-sumerian-breath-of-life-cross-corpus`) to invoke the **animating-vitality of heaven and earth** as the binding-substance of the oath. Covered by the new central entry `zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus`. The cluster spans three-way Sumerian-Akkadian-Hebrew: Sumerian *zi an-na zi ki-a* ↔ Akkadian *nīš ilī* / *nīš šamê u erṣetim* ↔ Hebrew *chay YHWH* (1 Sam 14:39, Jer 4:2; covered by the existing central entry `chei-x-oath-by-the-life-formula`). Reception-history extends through Matt 5:34-35 (Jesus' prohibition of swearing-by-heaven-or-earth).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "zi-sumerian-breath-of-life-cross-corpus",
          "zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣 𒀭𒈾 𒍣 𒆠𒀀 𒉌𒅆𒊒𒉈𒂗𒍢𒂗 𒍝𒍪𒁕 𒅎𒁕𒇲",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:2",
        "translit": "an ^den-lil2 zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-ze2-en za-da-ne-ne im-da-la2",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "An and Enlil swore by the life of heaven and the life of earth, and were bound by it themselves."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*an ^den-lil2 zi an-na zi ki-a i3-pad3-de3-ze2-en za-da-ne-ne im-da-la2* — *An and Enlil swore by the life of heaven and the life of earth, and were bound by it themselves*. The **reciprocal-binding** of the divine assembly by their own oath. An and Enlil — the senior pair who decreed the flood (FLS-WOH-C:25) — are now bound by their oath. The narrative-effect is the **reversal-of-the-flood-decree-irrevocability** at the divine-self-binding level: the gods who decreed the flood now swear-themselves-into-restraint regarding any repetition.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "zi-sumerian-breath-of-life-cross-corpus",
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "zi-an-na-zi-ki-a-nish-ilim-oath-by-life-of-heaven-and-earth-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒍣 𒀭𒈾 𒍣 𒆠𒀀 𒉌𒅆𒊒𒉈𒍢𒂗 𒍝𒁕𒉈𒉈 𒅎𒁕𒇲",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:3",
        "translit": "niĝ2-gilim-ma ki-ta ed3-de3 im-ma-ra-ed3-de3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "The small animals that come up from the earth came forth."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*niĝ2-gilim-ma ki-ta ed3-de3 im-ma-ra-ed3-de3* — *The small animals that come up from the earth came forth*. The line names the **post-flood-emergence of the small-animals** — paralleling the creation-of-animals at FLS-WOH-A:13-14 (where the small-animals multiplied from the ground in every place). The cyclical pattern: animals are fashioned from the ground (A:13) → destroyed in the flood → re-emerge from the ground (E:3). The continuity-through-the-flood is the diagnostic of Ziusudra's preservation-mission (covered at FLS-WOH-E:10 by the new central entry `preservation-of-the-seed-of-humankind-and-animals-flood-aitia-cross-corpus`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [],
        "cuneiform": "𒃻𒄃𒈠 𒆠𒋫 𒇯𒁺𒉈 𒅎𒈠𒊏𒇯𒁺𒉈",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:4",
        "translit": "zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Ziusudra the king"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* — *Ziusudra the king*. The Sumerian *lugal* 'king' title continues from D:9 and C:11; here functions as the subject-of-the-following-line (E:5), with the line-break for emphatic-position. The same enjambment-construction recurs at FLS-WOH-E:9.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒈗𒀀𒀭",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:5",
        "translit": "igi an ^den-lil2-la2-še3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-/gub^!\\",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "prostrated himself before An and Enlil, rubbing his nose to the ground."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*igi an ^den-lil2-la2-še3 giri17 ki su-ub ba-/gub^!\\* — *prostrated himself before An and Enlil, rubbing his nose to the ground*. The **second post-flood-prostration** (the first was before Utu at FLS-WOH-D:10). Now before An and Enlil — the senior pair of the divine quartet — preceding the apotheosis-grant of FLS-WOH-E:6-8. The prostration-gesture is covered by the new central entry `giri-ki-su-ub-appa-labanu-prostration-gesture-cross-corpus`; the same idiom across Sumerian-Akkadian-Hebrew (Hebrew *shachah apayim artzah*).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "giri-ki-su-ub-appa-labanu-prostration-gesture-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒅆 𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤𒇲𒂠 𒅗 𒆠 𒋢𒌒 𒁀",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:6",
        "translit": "an ^den-lil2 zi-ud-su3-ra2 mi2-e-/eš2^?\\ […-dug4-…]",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "An and Enlil cherished Ziusudra and [spoke …] to him."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*an ^den-lil2 zi-ud-su3-ra2 mi2-e-/eš2^?\\ [...-dug4-...]* — *An and Enlil cherished Ziusudra and [spoke ...] to him*. The Sumerian *mi2 dug4* (literally 'to speak loving-care') is the technical-idiom for **divine-favor / cherishing**. The line is the transition into the apotheosis-grant at FLS-WOH-E:7-8.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "an-enlil-nudimmud-cosmic-triad-cross-corpus",
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒀭 𒀭𒂗𒆤 𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒊩𒂊 𒅗",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "partial"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:7",
        "translit": "til3 diĝir-gin7 mu-un-na-šum2-mu",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Life like (that of) a god they gave him."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***til3 diĝir-gin7 mu-un-na-šum2-mu* — *Life like (that of) a god they gave him***. The **apotheosis-grant**. Covered by the new central entry `til-digir-gin-kima-ilani-apotheosis-of-flood-survivor-cross-corpus`. The Sumerian *til3 diĝir-gin7* sits in cross-corpus sibling-cluster with the Akkadian *kīma ilāni* (Gilgamesh XI.193-196 — *let Utnapishtim and his wife become like the gods*); the Hebrew structural-parallel is the Hanokh-translation (Gen 5:24 — *for the Elohim took him*) and the Eliyahu-whirlwind-ascent (2 Kgs 2:11); cross-references to the existing central entry `noach-vayithallech` (the *Noah walked with the Elohim* parallel-construction). The Hebrew Bible has **no flood-survivor apotheosis** — Noah dies a natural death (Gen 9:29); the Mesopotamian apotheosis is conspicuously absent at the Hebrew flood-narrative.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "digir-sumerian-divine-lexeme-cross-corpus",
          "til-digir-gin-kima-ilani-apotheosis-of-flood-survivor-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒋾 𒀭𒁶 𒈬𒌦𒈾𒋧𒈬",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:8",
        "translit": "zi da-ri2 diĝir-gin7 mu-un--ab-ed3-de3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "Eternal breath of life like (that of) a god they brought down for him."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***zi da-ri2 diĝir-gin7 mu-un--ab-ed3-de3* — *Eternal breath of life like (that of) a god they brought down for him***. The line **doubles the apotheosis-grant** with the explicit *zi da-ri2* 'eternal life-breath' qualifier (covered by the new central entry `zi-da-ri-balatu-daru-eternal-life-cross-corpus`). The Sumerian *da-ri2* 'eternal' is the source of the Akkadian-loanword *dārû*; the Akkadian *balāṭu dārû* 'eternal life' is the direct cognate-parallel. Hebrew comparanda: *chayei olam* (Dan 12:2 — the Hebrew Bible's most-explicit eternal-life formula) and *brit olam* 'everlasting covenant' (the *olam* eternal-modifier in covenantal contexts; covered by the existing central entry `brit-olam`).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "zi-sumerian-breath-of-life-cross-corpus",
          "digir-sumerian-divine-lexeme-cross-corpus",
          "zi-da-ri-balatu-daru-eternal-life-cross-corpus",
          "til-digir-gin-kima-ilani-apotheosis-of-flood-survivor-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍣 𒁕𒌷 𒀭𒁶 𒈬𒌦𒀊𒇯𒁺𒉈",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:9",
        "translit": "ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "In those days Ziusudra the king,"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*ud-ba zi-ud-su3-ra2 lugal-am3* — *In those days Ziusudra the king,*. The temporal-deictic *ud-ba* 'in those days' opens the closing-narrative-frame; the enjambment continues to E:10-11 (the *for-preserving / they settled him* aitia-and-destination).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "ziusudra-atrahasis-utnapishtim-noach-flood-survivor-name-cluster-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒌓𒁀 𒍣𒌓𒋤𒁺 𒈗𒀀𒀭",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:10",
        "translit": "mu niĝ2-gilim-ma numun nam-lu2-ulu3 uru3 ak",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "for preserving the small animals and the seed of humankind —"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***mu niĝ2-gilim-ma numun nam-lu2-ulu3 uru3 ak* — *for preserving the small animals and the seed of humankind***. The **explicit aitia for Ziusudra's apotheosis**: he is rewarded *because* he preserved both the small-animals and the seed-of-humankind through the flood. Covered by the new central entry `preservation-of-the-seed-of-humankind-and-animals-flood-aitia-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus Atrahasis III.vi (the *zēr napišti* preservation); Gilgamesh XI.193-195 (Utnapishtim's preservation-merit); Hebrew Gen 7:3 (*l-chayyot zera al penei kol ha-aretz* — *to keep seed alive on the face of all the earth*) and Gen 9:1-7 (the post-flood-blessing; covered by the existing central entry `peru-urevu-postflood`). The Mesopotamian reward-form is **apotheosis-of-the-survivor** (immortality-grant); the Hebrew reward-form is **fertility-blessing-of-the-descendants** (mortal-blessing). The transformation is one of the most-significant Mesopotamian-Hebrew flood-tradition divergences.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "nam-lu2-ulu3-sumerian-humankind-cross-corpus",
          "preservation-of-the-seed-of-humankind-and-animals-flood-aitia-cross-corpus",
          "numun-nam-lu-ulu-seed-of-humankind-c23"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒈬 𒃻𒄃𒈠 𒆰 𒉆𒇽𒍇 𒌶 𒀝",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:11",
        "translit": "kur-bal kur dilmun-na ki ^dutu e3-še3 mu-un-til3-eš",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "they settled him in an overseas country, in the land of Dilmun, the place where Utu rises."
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "***kur-bal kur dilmun-na ki ^dutu e3-še3 mu-un-til3-eš* — *they settled him in an overseas country, in the land of Dilmun, the place where Utu rises***. **DILMUN — the eastern paradise**. Covered by the new central entry `dilmun-eastern-paradise-cross-corpus`. Dilmun is identified historically with **modern Bahrain** and the eastern Persian Gulf region; archaeologically attested from the third millennium. The Sumerian *kur dilmun-na* + *ki ^dutu e3-še3* (*the place where Utu rises*) is the **eastern-cosmographic-orientation**. Cross-corpus: Akkadian Gilgamesh XI.205-206 (Utnapishtim is settled *ina rūqi ina pî nārāti* 'in the far-distance, at the mouth of the rivers'); Hebrew Gen 2:8 (*va-yitta YHWH Elohim gan b-Eden mi-qedem* — *YHWH planted a garden in Eden, in the east*; covered by the existing central entry `gan-be-eden`). The Sumerian Enki-and-Ninhursag composition (ETCSL 1.1.1 — the *Dilmun-paradise-text*) is the most-developed Sumerian Eden-comparandum. The entry's rationale documents explicit operational disavowals against the ancient-astronaut interpretive overlays (Sitchin-corpus *Dilmun-as-spaceport* readings).",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "dingir-prefix-prose-drop-convention",
          "sumerian-proper-name-transliteration-convention",
          "dilmun-eastern-paradise-cross-corpus",
          "utu-shamash-sun-god-justice-divinity-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒆳𒁄 𒆳 𒉌𒌇𒈾 𒆠 𒀭𒌓 𒌓𒁺𒂠 𒈬𒌦𒋾𒌍",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "full"
      },
      {
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "FLS-WOH-E:12",
        "translit": "za-e^? X […] /BA\\ X-bi til3-eš X",
        "i18n": {
          "en": "'You, […] there they shall live […]'"
        },
        "notes": {
          "official": "*za-e^? X [...] /BA\\ X-bi til3-eš X* — *'You, [...] there they shall live [...]'*. The preserved fragments contain the 2sg-pronoun *za-e* 'you' and the verb *til3-eš* 'they shall live / let them live'. The line is plausibly the closing-direct-address to Ziusudra or to the audience — possibly the opening of a doxological-closing-formula (cf. the Sumerian *za-mi* doxological tradition covered by the existing central entry `za-mi-doxological-praise-formula-sumerian-cross-corpus`). The composition's expected closing-doxology is mostly-lost in the lacuna.",
          "community": []
        },
        "glossaryRefs": [
          "lacuna-bracket-convention-sumerian-mesopotamian-project-standard",
          "za-mi-doxological-praise-formula-sumerian-cross-corpus"
        ],
        "cuneiform": "𒍝   𒁀 𒁉 𒋾𒌍 ",
        "cuneiform_confidence": "low"
      }
    ]
  }
],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/library/books/flood-story-woh/chapters/1",
    "book": "/v1/library/books/flood-story-woh/",
    "chapters": "/v1/library/books/flood-story-woh/chapters/",
    "library": "/v1/library/",
    "schema": "/v1/schema/book/"
  }
}