{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "genesis-woh",
    "chapter": 13
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 13,
    "bookSlug": "genesis-woh",
    "bookCode": "GEN-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Genesis 13 — The return from Mitsrayim and the separation from Lot",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Genesis.13","glossaryVersion":"2.10.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-05-22T20:00:00+00:00","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-05-22T18:31:28Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:1","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Direct rendering of va-yaal Avram mi-Mitsrayim. The chain of subjects (he, his wife, all that he had, Lot) tracks the Hebrew word-for-word; ha-Negbah as 'toward the Negev' is the standard directional-he. No divergence from consensus."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:2","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. kbd 'be heavy, weighty; rich'"],"reasoning":"Kaved m'od literally 'very heavy' with the b- prepositional phrases naming the wealth-substances. The literal 'heavy in cattle, in silver, and in gold' preserves the Hebrew idiom rather than smoothing to 'rich'; defensible and matches ASV."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:3","status":"approve","citations":["Westminster Leningrad Codex apparatus","ASV, NJPS, NRSV consensus"],"reasoning":"Editor follows the qere (oholo, 'his tent'), which is the masoretic-consensus reading and matches the consistent Genesis idiom (12:8, 18:1, 26:25, 31:25). Commentary records the three circulating readings of the ketiv and the standard rationale for following the qere. Correct."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Standard rendering of mqom ha-mizbeach asher asah sham ba-rishonah and the qara b-shem YHWH formula. The formula is already tracked by the existing glossary entry; commentary correctly locates the Bethel-altar return as the structural close of the descent-and-return frame opened at 12:8."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:5","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Routine narrative bridge; the participial ha-holekh et-Avram ('who went with Abram') is rendered straightforwardly. tson u-vaqar v-ohalim ('flocks and herds and tents') is literal."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:6","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. nasa II 'bear up, endure, support'"],"reasoning":"v-lo nasa otam ha-aretz uses nasa in the 'support / bear up' sense — the standard idiom for land-carrying-capacity. 'And the land was not able to bear them' is the consensus rendering (ASV, NRSV, NJPS); the verse's internal repetition (lashevet yachdav twice) is preserved."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:7","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 176","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 297","Speiser, AB Genesis, 1964, p. 87","Cassuto, Commentary on Genesis II, 1944/1961, p. 326"],"reasoning":"The participial-progressive 'were then dwelling in the land' preserves the temporal force of yoshev + az without committing to a definitive source-critical position. Note the singular participle yoshev governs the conjoined ethnic terms collectively — standard Hebrew syntax. The Documentary Hypothesis reading is correctly held as well-attested but not universal in the glossary rationale."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:8","status":"approve","citations":["Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004, p. 65 (on anashim achim anachnu)"],"reasoning":"'Men who are brothers' is the literal anashim achim anachnu and matches ASV. 'Kinsmen' would be the smoother idiomatic alternative (so NRSV, NJPS) but the literal preserves the doubled anashim + achim that Alter flags. Defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:9","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"The chiastic left-right / right-left phrasing of im-ha-s'mol v-eminah v-im-ha-yamin v-asm'ilah is preserved in the English. Hipared na me-alai as 'separate yourself, please, from me' uses the standard niphal of p-r-d (be separated). Routine."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:10","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 178","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 100","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 393","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004, p. 65","von Rad, Genesis (OTL), 1972 ET, p. 173"],"reasoning":"The doubled simile k-gan YHWH k-eretz Mitsrayim is preserved literally. The Eden back-reference is grammatically explicit (gan + YHWH binds 13:10 to 2:8) and the Eden/Sodom typology is mainstream-critical territory cited by all five named commentators. The single WoH-posture sentence sits in the glossary rationale (not in the translated text); the translated English is defensible to any scholar reading it cold."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:11","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 100"],"reasoning":"va-yissa Lot mi-qedem rendered 'journeyed eastward' (matching ASV, NRSV). mi-qedem literally 'from the east' but contextually directional; Sarna notes the eastward = away-from-Eden resonance with Gen 3:24 va-yashken mi-qedem l-gan-Eden. va-yipardu ish me-al achiv preserves the separation-formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:12","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Standard rendering. va-ye'ehal ad-Sdom ('pitched his tent as far as Sodom') uses the rare denominative verb of ohel ('tent'); 'pitched his tent as far as Sodom' is the consensus rendering (ASV, NRSV, NJPS). The narrative-foreshadowing function of the closing toward Sodom is implicit and properly left to commentary on the Sodom destruction-cycle."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:13","status":"approve","citations":["Speiser, AB Genesis, 1964, p. 99","HALOT s.v. chata + l- dative"],"reasoning":"The dative-l with chata'im is grammatically standard for 'sinners against [someone]' (cf. Gen 39:9 v-chatati l-Elohim; Exod 10:16; Num 32:23 chata'tem la-YHWH). 'Sinners against YHWH exceedingly' matches ASV; Speiser and HALOT both treat the l- construction as the normal idiom. The doubled epithet ra'im v-chata'im and the m'od intensifier are correctly handled in commentary. Editor's decision to forgo a separate glossary entry is sound."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:14","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 180","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 394","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004"],"reasoning":"va-YHWH amar (not va-yera) correctly noted in commentary — auditory rather than visual mode of revelation. The sa-na eynekha u-re'eh formula is rendered 'lift up now your eyes and look' (matches ASV). The four-direction tsafonah va-negbah va-qedmah va-yammah is preserved. The patriarchal-formula scope (12 verses) in the new glossary entry is appropriate."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:15","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Reissue and expansion of the 12:7 seed-land promise into a to-you + to-your-seed binary with ad-olam ('forever'). The translation preserves the doubled l-kha + u-l-zar'akha distribution. Already tracked by existing zera-eretz-promise glossary entry; correctly cross-referenced."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:16","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 100","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004, p. 66","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 396","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 298"],"reasoning":"'As the dust of the earth' is literal ka-afar ha-aretz and matches ASV. The 'if a man can count... then your seed shall be counted' conditional preserves the Hebrew yimaneh passive niphal. Hamilton's Gen 2:7 / 3:19 creation-recall reading is preserved in commentary and rationale. The consolidated triad glossary entry is sound editorial judgment."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:17","status":"approve","citations":["Daube, Studies in Biblical Law, 1947, §3","Speiser, AB Genesis, 1964, p. 100","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 101","Westermann, Genesis 12-36, 1985, p. 181","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 299"],"reasoning":"qum hit'hallekh ba-aretz l-orkah u-l-rochbah rendered 'Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the breadth of it' (matches ASV). The hithpael iterative-reflexive force is preserved. The covenant-walking-as-juridical-act framing is held as inferred — the modern scholarly synthesis going back to Daube 1947 §3, followed by Speiser, Sarna, Westermann, Wenham. Holding appliesTo[] to currently-translated corpus (not adding Josh 1:3, 18:8, Deut 11:24 retroactively) is the right policy."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-13:18","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. elon","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 102","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 300","Westermann, Genesis 12-36, 1985, p. 184"],"reasoning":"'Oaks of Mamre' (plural construct elonei + proper name Mamre) is rendered following ASV; LXX δρῦς supports the oak rendering. The site is correctly held as distinct from elon-Moreh (12:6) — different proper name, different geographical location, different recurrence-set. Botanical precision (oak vs. terebinth, with NJPS 'terebinths') is not load-bearing for the verse. The forward-loaded appliesTo[] scope across 10 Abraham-cycle verses is appropriate policy for a recurring proper-name site."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"kenaani-prizi-az-ba-aretz","status":"approve","citations":["Wellhausen, Prolegomena, 1883","Gunkel, Genesis, 1901","von Rad, Genesis (OTL), 1972 ET","Speiser, AB Genesis, 1964, p. 87","Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 176","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 297","Cassuto, Commentary on Genesis II, 1944/1961, p. 326","Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament, 2003"],"reasoning":"claim_type=inferred is correct: the Documentary Hypothesis reading is mainstream-but-not-universal critical-scholarly synthesis, not lexical fact. The rationale fairly presents both J-stratum (Wellhausen, Gunkel, von Rad, Speiser) and pre-conquest (Cassuto, Kitchen) readings without taking a definitive position. Retroactive scope to 12:6 is appropriate — the lemma is identical in form (singular Canaanite there, doubled here) and the parenthetical does the same work in both."},{"glossary_id":"gan-yhwh-eden-back-reference","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 178","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 100","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 393","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004, p. 65","von Rad, Genesis (OTL), 1972 ET, p. 173"],"reasoning":"claim_type=direct is correct: the lexical back-reference (gan + YHWH at 13:10 binding to gan b-Eden at 2:8) is grammatically explicit and the inter-textual reading is the scholarly consensus across all five named commentators. The WoH posture is held to a single sentence in the rationale ('Gen 1 and Gen 2-3 are taken as describing a single project-beginning context') — visible-in-rationale but not-arguing-the-cosmology, which is the right register. No lens leakage in the translated text itself."},{"glossary_id":"sa-eynekha-lift-your-eyes","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 180","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 394","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004"],"reasoning":"claim_type=direct is correct: the nasa eynayim formula occurrences are uncontested lexical fact at each of the 12 cited patriarchal-Genesis verses. The recurrence-set is comprehensive for the Abraham-Isaac-Jacob-Joseph arc; holding the scope to patriarchal Genesis for v2.10.0 (rather than expanding to Psalms, Prophets) is appropriate corpus-staging policy."},{"glossary_id":"patriarchal-seed-comparison-triad","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 100","Alter, Five Books of Moses, 2004, p. 66","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 1-17, 1990, p. 396","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 298"],"reasoning":"claim_type=direct is correct: the three comparisons (dust 13:16, stars 15:5, sand 22:17) are grammatically explicit at their cited verses. Consolidating into one entry rather than three is sound editorial judgment — preserves the cosmographic earth/sky/shore distribution as a single insight rather than fragmenting it. Hamilton's Gen 2:7 / 3:19 creation-recall reading of the dust-image preserved. appliesTo[] scope (5 verses: 13:16, 15:5, 22:17, 26:4, 32:13) correctly distinguishes the triad itself from later cross-corpus citations of it."},{"glossary_id":"hithallech-ba-aretz-covenant-walking","status":"approve","citations":["Daube, Studies in Biblical Law, 1947, §3","Speiser, AB Genesis, 1964, p. 100","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 101","Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 181","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 299"],"reasoning":"claim_type=inferred is correct: the covenantal-walking-as-juridical-act framing (Roman usucapio / Anglo-Saxon seisin / German Begehungsritus) is modern scholarly synthesis going back to Daube 1947 §3, not lexical fact. The rationale correctly distinguishes this juridical-spatial sense of the hithpael (13:17, Josh 18:8) from the ethical-relational walking-before-Elohim sense (Gen 3:8, 5:22, 6:9, 17:1, etc.). Holding appliesTo[] to the single currently-translated verse and noting Josh 1:3 / 18:8 / Deut 11:24 in the rationale only is the right corpus-staging policy."},{"glossary_id":"elonei-mamre","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. elon / elah","HALOT s.v. elon","Sarna, JPS Genesis, 1989, p. 102","Wenham, WBC Genesis 1-15, 1987, p. 300","Westermann, Genesis 12-36, Hermeneia 1985, p. 184"],"reasoning":"claim_type=direct is correct: the proper-name phrase elonei Mamre is grammatically explicit at every cited verse and the site-identification is uncontested. Correctly held as parallel-to-but-distinct-from elon-Moreh (12:6) — different proper name, different geographical location, different recurrence-set; the Translator's framing-brief correction was rightly sustained. Both classical historical reading (Sarna, Wenham — Mamre as Amorite contemporary) and aetiological reading (Westermann — pre-existing place-name) cited. Forward-loaded appliesTo[] scope across 10 Abraham-cycle verses is appropriate for a recurring proper-name site. Botanical question (oak vs. terebinth) handled fairly with ASV 'oaks' chosen for consistency with 12:6."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:1",
        "text": "Abram went up from Mitsrayim, he and his wife and all that he had, and Lot with him, toward the Negev."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:2",
        "text": "And Abram was very heavy in cattle, in silver, and in gold."
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:3",
        "text": "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai,"
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:4",
        "text": "to the place of the altar that he had made there at the first; and Abram called there on the name of YHWH."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:5",
        "text": "And Lot also, who went with Abram, had flocks and herds and tents."
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:6",
        "text": "And the land was not able to bear them, that they might dwell together; for their substance was great, and they could not dwell together."
      },{
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:7",
        "text": "And there was strife between the herders of Abram's cattle and the herders of Lot's cattle. And the Canaanite and the Perizzite were then dwelling in the land."
      },{
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:8",
        "text": "Abram said to Lot, \"Let there be no strife, please, between me and you, and between my herders and your herders; for we are men who are brothers."
      },{
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:9",
        "text": "Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself, please, from me. If you go to the left, then I will go to the right; and if you go to the right, then I will go to the left.\""
      },{
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:10",
        "text": "Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the plain of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere — before YHWH destroyed Sodom and Amorah — like the garden of YHWH, like the land of Mitsrayim, as you go toward Tsoar."
      },{
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:11",
        "text": "Lot chose for himself all the plain of the Jordan, and Lot journeyed eastward; and they separated themselves the one from the other."
      },{
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:12",
        "text": "Abram dwelt in the land of Canaan, and Lot dwelt in the cities of the plain and pitched his tent as far as Sodom."
      },{
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:13",
        "text": "And the men of Sodom were wicked and sinners against YHWH exceedingly."
      },{
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:14",
        "text": "And YHWH said to Abram, after Lot had separated himself from him, \"Lift up now your eyes and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward;"
      },{
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:15",
        "text": "for all the land that you see, to you I will give it, and to your seed forever."
      },{
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:16",
        "text": "And I will make your seed as the dust of the earth, so that if a man can count the dust of the earth, then your seed also shall be counted."
      },{
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:17",
        "text": "Arise, walk through the land in the length of it and in the breadth of it; for to you I will give it.\""
      },{
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-13:18",
        "text": "Abram moved his tent, and came and dwelt by the oaks of Mamre, which are in Hebron, and built there an altar to YHWH."
      }
    ]
  },
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