{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "genesis-woh",
    "chapter": 28
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 28,
    "bookSlug": "genesis-woh",
    "bookCode": "GEN-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Genesis 28 — Yitzchaq's commission, Esav's third wife, and Ya'aqov's ladder at Beit-El",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Genesis.28","glossaryVersion":"2.26.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)","claude-opus-4-7 (editor)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-05-25T12:00:00+00:00","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:1","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:1"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yiqra Yitzchaq el-Ya'aqov va-yvarekh oto va-y'tzavehu va-yomer lo lo-tiqach ishah mi-b'not Kena'an*. ASV-baseline translation; lexemes match source; no editorial choices to verify."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:2","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:2"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. *Padenah Aram* preserved in transliteration; *beit Betu'el* preserved as house construct. Faithful ASV-baseline rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:3","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis (1989) p. 196","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-El Shaddai yvarekh otkha v-yafrekha v-yarbekha v-hayita li-q'hal amim*. The *q'hal amim* construct is grammatically explicit; cross-corpus distribution to Gen 35:11 (q'hal goyim) and Gen 48:4 verified in lexical search. NRSV-adjacent 'assembly of peoples' preserves the cultic-register against ASV/KJV 'company.' Defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:4","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) p. 449","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 197"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-yiten l'kha et-birkat Avraham*. The lexicalization of 'blessing of Avraham' as a discrete transferable item is HB-internal-explicit at this verse; cross-corpus Pauline reception (Gal 3:14) flagged-not-preempted in entry. ASV-baseline 'the blessing of Avraham' is faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:5","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:5"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. Narrative verse; faithful rendering with names preserved in transliteration per chapter convention."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:6","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:6"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. The Editor's call not to extend *morat-ruach-bitterness-of-spirit-esau-hittite-wives* appliesTo to 28:6 is correct: the lexeme *morat ruach* is absent here; thematic-without-lexical link does not warrant extension under current convention."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:7","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:7"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yishma Ya'aqov el-aviv v-el-imo va-yelekh padenah Aram*. Faithful narrative rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:8","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:8"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yar Esav ki ra'ot b'not Kena'an b-einei Yitzchaq aviv*. Faithful rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:9","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:9"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. The added wife from the Yishma'elite line; *al-nashav* rendered 'in addition to' (correct ANE polygamous register)."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:10","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:10"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. The travel-itinerary opening of the Bethel pericope. Transliteration preserved."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:11","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Speiser AB Genesis (1964) p. 218"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT. *Va-yifga ba-maqom* — verb *paga* (H6293) is genuinely polysemic; ASV-baseline 'lighted upon' preserves the chance-encounter register that the v 16 *anokhi lo yadati* discovery-formula assumes. The definite-articled *ha-maqom* technical-cultic-site reading (Sarna p. 198; Speiser p. 218) is documented in commentary. Defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:12","status":"approve","citations":["Houtman, 'What did Jacob see in his dream at Bethel?' VT 27 (1977) pp. 337-351","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Speiser AB Genesis (1964) p. 218","Hamilton NICOT Genesis 18-50 (1995) pp. 240-241","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 454-455"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yachalom v-hineh sulam mutzav artzah v-rosho magia ha-shamayma v-hineh mal'akhei Elohim olim v-yordim bo*. The *sulam* hapax-status, the etymological derivation from *s-l-l*, and the Akkadian *simmiltu ša šamê* parallel are all documentary. The 'stairway' rendering is the mainstream modern-critical preference (Houtman 1977 is the foundational treatment); the ASV-departure is editorially-motivated by the chapter's Akkadian-ziggurat intertext (v 12 *rosho magia ha-shamayma* echoes Gen 11:4 *u-rosho ba-shamayim*; v 17 *sha'ar ha-shamayim* = *bab-ili*). The 'ladder' tradition is preserved in apparatus. The plural *malakhei Elohim olim v-yordim* with ascending-before-descending is grammatically explicit and patriarchal-corpus-unique; NT John 1:51 reception flagged-not-preempted. The two-entry coverage (plural-specific + singular-family) is defensible though I note the singular *malakh-elohim-messenger* appliesTo extension is a minor convention question — see glossaryReview."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:13","status":"approve","citations":["Alter The Five Books of Moses (2004) p. 149","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Alt Der Gott der Väter (1929)"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-hineh YHWH nitzav alav va-yomar ani YHWH Elohei Avraham avikha v-Elohei Yitzchaq*. The *nitzav alav* preposition is genuinely ambiguous between (a) 'above it' [the sulam] (ASV/LXX/Targum Onkelos/Rashi), (b) 'beside him' [Jacob] (NRSV/NJPS/Alter p. 149), and (c) 'above him.' WoH 'above it' is defensible — it preserves the sulam-top architecture that the v 17 *sha'ar ha-shamayim* assumes — and the dispute is documented. The two-generation ancestral-god self-disclosure formula (Gen 26:24 → 28:13 → Exod 3:6 culmination) per Alt 1929 is correctly identified. Land-promise lexeme via existing *zera-eretz-promise* entry."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:14","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc.","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 199"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-hayah zarakha ka-afar ha-aretz... v-nivrakhu vekha kol-mishpechot ha-adamah u-v-zarekha*. The niphal *nivrakhu* MT-pointing is preserved (per project MT-fidelity policy) and rendered passive 'shall be blessed.' The doubled *vekha ... u-v-zarekha* unique-occurrence is correctly identified; seed-triad and niphal/hithpael entries appropriately extended. The aretz/adamah lexical distinction is preserved ('earth' / 'ground'). Defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:15","status":"approve","citations":["ASV Gen 28:15"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-hineh anokhi imakh u-shmartikha b-khol asher telekh va-hashivotikha el-ha-adamah ha-zot ki lo e'ezovkha*. The Editor's call NOT to apply *al-tira* (the lexeme is absent here) and instead to extend *elohim-imkha-divine-presence-formula* to v 15 is philologically correct. The compound presence/guarding/return/non-forsaking promise is the editorial-foundation of Ya'aqov's v 20-22 reciprocal vow. Faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:16","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 199","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yiqatz Ya'aqov mi-shenato va-yomer akhen yesh YHWH ba-maqom ha-zeh v-anokhi lo yadati*. The *akhen yesh* + divine-name + *ba-maqom ha-zeh* + *v-anokhi lo yadati* construction is virtually unique in the HB. Cross-corpus structural cognates (Exod 3:5; Josh 5:15; Judg 13:22) correctly identified though they lack the *yesh* construction. ASV-baseline translation is faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:17","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) pp. 199-200","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 457-459","Heidel The Babylonian Genesis (1951)","Cross Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973) ch. 1","ANET pp. 60-72"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yira va-yomar mah-norah ha-maqom ha-zeh ein zeh ki im-beit Elohim v-zeh sha'ar ha-shamayim*. The *beit Elohim* + *sha'ar ha-shamayim* compound is the chapter's keystone cultic-formula. The Akkadian *bab-ili* parallel is mainstream ANE-comparative scholarship (Heidel 1951 standard reference). The Gen 11:4 anti-intertext (Babel-failure / Ya'aqov-discovery) is HB-internal-explicit. The 'house of Elohim' + 'gate of the heavens' rendering preserves Elohim-transliteration and literal-plural *ha-shamayim*; reads as defensible scholarly translation. NT John 1:51 + Gen Rab 69:7 receptions flagged-not-preempted in apparatus, NOT in English text. The WoH lens-distinctive synthesis (sha'ar-shamayim-as-physical-gate) is reserved for the wiki — discipline held."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:18","status":"approve","citations":["Alt Der Gott der Väter (1929)","Cross Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973) ch. 1","Mettinger No Graven Image? (ConBOT 42, 1995)","Smith The Origins of Biblical Monotheism (2001)","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 200","HALOT s.v. matzevah"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yashkem Ya'aqov ba-boqer va-yiqach et-ha-even asher sam m'ra'ashotav va-yasem otah matzevah va-yitzoq shemen al-roshah*. The matzevah lexeme is grammatically explicit; the cross-corpus patriarchal-affirmation (Gen 28:18,22; 31:13,45,51-52; 35:14,20; Exod 24:4) vs Deuteronomic-prohibition (Lev 26:1; Deut 7:5; 12:3; 16:22; 2 Kgs 17:10; 18:4; 23:14) vs prophetic-lament (Hos 3:4; 10:1-2; Mic 5:13) distribution is documentary. The Alt/Cross/Smith/Mettinger patriarchal-El-religion reading is mainstream modern-critical-consensus. WoH translation 'pillar' is ASV-baseline; the cultic-stone register and the lens-distinctive physical-stone-marker reading are reserved for apparatus/wiki — discipline held."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:19","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 200","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yiqra et-shem ha-maqom ha-hu Beit-El v-ulam Luz shem-ha-ir la-rishonah*. The Beit-El / Luz name-doublet and cross-corpus distribution (Gen 35:6-7; Josh 16:2; 18:13; Judg 1:23-26) correctly identified. Transliteration consistent with chapter convention. Faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:20","status":"approve","citations":["Cartledge Vows in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East (JSOTSup 147, 1992)","Berlinerblau The Vow and the Popular Religious Groups of Ancient Israel (JSOTSup 210, 1996)","Sarna JPS (1989) pp. 200-201"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *va-yidar Ya'aqov neder lemor im-yihyeh Elohim imadi u-shmarani ba-derekh ha-zeh asher anokhi holekh v-natan li lechem le'ekhol u-veged li-lvosh*. The cognate-accusative *va-yidar... neder* is HB-first; cross-corpus vow-tradition (Num 21:2; 30; Judg 11:30-39; 1 Sam 1:11; 2 Sam 15:7-8; Eccl 5:3-5; Jonah 1:16) verifiable. ASV's 'vowed a vow' preserves cognate-accusative against NRSV/NJPS smoothing. Cartledge 1992 is the standard modern monograph. Faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:21","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 201"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-shavti b-shalom el-beit avi v-hayah YHWH li le-Elohim*. The apodosis-opener with the *am-li / li-le-Elohim* covenantal-formula pre-figuring the Sinai-cluster (Exod 6:7; Lev 26:12; Jer 7:23; Ezek 36:28). ASV-baseline translation is faithful."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-28:22","status":"approve","citations":["Cartledge JSOTSup 147 (1992)","Milgrom Leviticus 23-27 AB (2001)","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 201"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT: *v-ha-even ha-zot asher samti matzevah yihyeh beit Elohim v-khol asher titen-li aser a'asrenu lakh*. The second cognate-accusative (*aser a'asrenu* — piel infinitive-absolute + piel imperfect 1cs) is the most-emphatic Hebrew tithe-formula; ASV 'I will surely give a tenth' preserves it. Second patriarchal tithe (after Avraham at Gen 14:20) cross-corpus correctly identified. The verse's binding of matzevah-as-beit-Elohim with the tithe-promise into a single cultic institution is mainstream modern-critical reading. Faithful."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"qhal-amim-assembly-of-peoples-blessing","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis (1989) p. 196","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc.","HALOT s.v. q'hal"],"reasoning":"Re-verified cross-corpus *q'hal X* construct: Gen 28:3 (q'hal amim), Gen 35:11 (q'hal goyim), Gen 48:4 (q'hal amim) form a closed patriarchal-blessing cluster bound by El-Shaddai. NRSV-adjacent translation preserves cultic register. claim_type direct appropriate (grammatically explicit + verifiable cross-corpus)."},{"glossary_id":"birkat-avraham-blessing-transmission","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) p. 449","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 197"],"reasoning":"Re-verified: Gen 28:4 is the first lexicalization of 'birkat Avraham' as a discrete transferable item. Pauline Gal 3:14 reception properly flagged-not-preempted in apparatus. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"paga-ba-maqom-cultic-encounter","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Speiser AB Genesis (1964) p. 218","BDB s.v. paga (H6293)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified: paga polysemy across HB confirmed (Gen 32:2 neutral; Josh 2:16 encounter; Isa 53:6,12 intercede/strike; Job 21:15 entreat). The definite-articled ha-maqom as technical-cultic-site designator across patriarchal corpus (Gen 12:6; 22:3-4,14; 28:11,16-17,19; 35:7,14-15) is mainstream consensus per Sarna and Speiser. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"sulam-stairway-or-ladder","status":"approve","citations":["Houtman VT 27 (1977) pp. 337-351","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Speiser AB Genesis (1964) p. 218","Hamilton NICOT Genesis 18-50 (1995) pp. 240-241","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 454-455","Heidel The Babylonian Genesis (1951)","ANET pp. 103-104 (Nergal-Ereshkigal)","HALOT s.v. sulam"],"reasoning":"Re-verified the chapter's load-bearing entry. (1) Hapax-status confirmed: sulam (H5551) occurs only at Gen 28:12 in the HB. (2) Etymological derivation from s-l-l (H5549, 'cast up, build a way') with cognate m'silah (raised highway; Num 20:19; Isa 11:16; 19:23) and solelah (siege-mound; 2 Sam 20:15) is documentary. (3) Akkadian simmiltu / simmiltu ša šamê in Nergal-Ereshkigal myth (ANET pp. 103-104) is genuine; the cognate proposal is mainstream though some scholars view sulam as semantically-distinct. (4) Three readings (ladder/stairway/mound) accurately preserved. (5) Houtman 1977 is the foundational modern critical treatment; four standard commentaries (Sarna, Speiser, Hamilton, Westermann) adopt stairway/staircase. (6) The Gen 11:4 verbal echo (u-rosho ba-shamayim) and the bab-ili / sha'ar ha-shamayim intertext are HB-internal-explicit. WoH stairway-departure from ASV ladder is defensible at modern critical bar. claim_type direct appropriate (hapax-status verifiable; etymology documentary; cognate documented; modern critical preference documented)."},{"glossary_id":"malakhei-elohim-ascending-descending","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 455-456","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","Hamori When Gods Were Men (2008)","Brown The Gospel According to John I-XII AB (1966)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified. Plural mal'akhei Elohim grammatically explicit; patriarchal-corpus uniqueness verifiable (Gen 21:17 singular mal'akh Elohim; Gen 16/22 singular mal'akh YHWH). Ascending-before-descending word-order grammatically explicit. E-document immanence-mediation pattern (Gen 20:3; 28:12; 31:11; 46:2) is mainstream Westermann/Friedman. John 1:51 (anabainontas kai katabainontas) reception genuine — Brown AB 1966 standard reference. Gen Rab 68:12 and b. Chullin 91b receptions documentary. Editor selected claim_type direct over inferred because the entry makes no synthetic ontological claim about what the messengers are. I concur: the entry is descriptive-grammatical + documentary-reception; lens-distinctive readings reserved for wiki."},{"glossary_id":"yhwh-nitzav-alav-ladder-position-dispute","status":"approve","citations":["Alter The Five Books of Moses (2004) p. 149","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 198","NJPS Genesis 28:13 note","ASV Gen 28:13"],"reasoning":"Re-verified three readings of *alav* preposition: (a) 'above it' [sulam] — ASV/LXX/Targum Onkelos/Rashi; (b) 'beside him' [Jacob] — NRSV/NJPS/Alter p. 149 with extensive note; (c) 'above him.' WoH 'above it' is defensible — preserves sulam-top architecture consistent with v 17 sha'ar ha-shamayim — and the dispute is documented in apparatus. claim_type direct appropriate (the dispute itself is documentary)."},{"glossary_id":"akhen-yesh-yhwh-discovery-of-sacred-place","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 199","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-verified: akhen + yesh + divine-name + ba-maqom ha-zeh + v-anokhi lo yadati construction is HB-unique at Gen 28:16. Cross-corpus structural cognates (Exod 3:5 ground-holiness without yesh; Josh 5:15 parallel; Judg 13:22 Manoah's recognition) correctly identified though lack the yesh existence-particle. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"beit-elohim-shaar-ha-shamayim-cultic-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) pp. 199-200","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 457-459","Heidel The Babylonian Genesis (1951)","ANET pp. 60-72","Cross Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973) ch. 1","Brown The Gospel According to John I-XII AB (1966)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified the chapter's other load-bearing entry. (1) Both compound construct-chains grammatically explicit. (2) Akkadian bab-ili (babu + ilu) etymology of Babylon is mainstream Assyriology (Heidel 1951 standard). (3) Gen 11 Babel-narrative polemic-reversal (b-l-l confuse) and the chapter's verbal recapitulation (v 12 rosho magia ha-shamayma echoes Gen 11:4) are HB-internal-explicit. (4) Bethel-cult foundation-narrative reading (Westermann, Sarna, Cross) is mainstream modern-critical-consensus. (5) NT John 1:51 + Gen Rab 69:7 receptions documentary and properly flagged-not-preempted in apparatus only. Critically: the WoH ziggurat/gate-of-god lens-distinctive synthesis (the physical-gate / cosmographic-portal reading) is reserved for the wiki and does NOT enter the entry's rationale or the translated English. Editor's discipline check passes. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"matzevah-sacred-pillar-patriarchal-religion","status":"approve","citations":["Alt Der Gott der Väter (1929; ET 1966)","Cross Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973) ch. 1","Smith The Origins of Biblical Monotheism (2001)","Smith The Early History of God (1990/2002)","Mettinger No Graven Image? (ConBOT 42, 1995)","Sarna JPS (1989) p. 200","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 459-460","HALOT s.v. matzevah"],"reasoning":"Re-verified. (1) Lexeme grammatically explicit; root n-tz-v 'stand' standard. (2) Patriarchal-affirmation cross-corpus (Gen 28:18,22; 31:13,45,51-52; 35:14,20; Exod 24:4; 2 Sam 18:18 personal-memorial) verified by lexical search. (3) Deuteronomic-prohibition cross-corpus (Lev 26:1; Deut 7:5; 12:3; 16:22; 2 Kgs 17:10; 18:4; 23:14) verified. (4) Prophetic-lament (Hos 3:4; 10:1-2; Mic 5:12 [MT 5:13]) verified — note MT versification correctly. (5) Alt 1929 / Cross 1973 / Smith 2001 / Mettinger 1995 patriarchal-El-religion reading is mainstream modern-critical-consensus. (6) ANE archaeological context (Hazor, Gezer, Arad masseboth) documented. (7) Critically: WoH 'stone-marker-of-physical-divine-encounter' lens-distinctive synthesis is explicitly reserved for the wiki per entry final paragraph; English translation conservative 'pillar' (ASV). Editor's discipline check passes. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"bethel-luz-name-etymology","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) p. 200","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-verified cross-corpus: Gen 35:6-7 (El Beit-El rename); Josh 16:2; 18:13 (tribal-allotment boundary); Judg 1:23-26 (Beit-El capture, Luz-people resettled). Northern-kingdom Bethel-cult under Yarov'am (1 Kgs 12:29-33) and Amos 7:13 critique cluster verified. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"yaakov-vow-tithe-promise","status":"approve","citations":["Cartledge Vows in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East (JSOTSup 147, 1992)","Berlinerblau The Vow and the Popular Religious Groups of Ancient Israel (JSOTSup 210, 1996)","Milgrom Leviticus 23-27 AB (2001)","Sarna JPS (1989) pp. 200-201","Westermann Genesis 12-36 (1985) pp. 461-463","Wenham WBC Genesis 16-50 (1994) pp. 225-226"],"reasoning":"Re-verified. (1) va-yidar... neder cognate-accusative HB-first verified by lexical search. (2) Cross-corpus vow-formula (Num 21:2; 30; Judg 11:30-39; 1 Sam 1:11; 2 Sam 15:7-8; Eccl 5:3-5; Jonah 1:16) verified. (3) aser a'asrenu cognate-accusative (piel infinitive-absolute + piel imperfect 1cs) grammatically explicit. (4) Second patriarchal tithe (after Avraham Gen 14:20) status verified. (5) Tripartite-conditional vow-structure correctly identified. (6) Cartledge 1992 is the standard modern monograph on HB vows and ANE conditional-religious-obligations. (7) The vow-and-tithe-as-paired-inaugural-cultic-institutions reading is mainstream. claim_type direct appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"malakh-elohim-messenger (appliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-28:12)","status":"flag-for-human","citations":["Editor's escalation report point on convention question"],"reasoning":"The Editor extended the singular-construct entry to GEN-WOH-28:12 even though the lexeme there is plural (mal'akhei), with the new malakhei-elohim-ascending-descending entry as primary governance. The Editor explicitly flagged this for Reviewer/Human as a minor convention question: should the singular-construct family be co-applied to plural occurrences for cross-corpus cohesion, or should a strict singular/plural-separation convention be preferred? This is not a substantive philological error in either direction — the lexical family is the same — but is a project-level convention call. Recommend human ratification of the dual-coverage pattern. If the human prefers strict separation, the singular entry's appliesTo can be trimmed without affecting the chapter's translation or commentary."},{"glossary_id":"anokhi-elohei-X-avikha-ancestral-god-formula (appliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-28:13)","status":"approve","citations":["Alt Der Gott der Väter (1929)","Cross Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973) ch. 1"],"reasoning":"Re-verified: Gen 28:13 is the two-generation expansion (Avraham + Yitzchaq) of the formula whose Gen 26:24 foundational form was single-ancestor; the Exod 3:6 three-patriarchal compound is the culmination. The appliesTo extension is appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"elohim-imkha-divine-presence-formula (appliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-28:15)","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. im (H5973)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified: the *hineh anokhi imakh* of v 15 is the divine-self-disclosure variant of the divine-presence-formula (foundational external-recognition at Gen 21:22; divine self-disclosure at Gen 26:3, 26:24, 28:15, 31:3, 46:4). The Editor's call NOT to apply al-tira here (the lexeme is absent) and to apply the elohim-imkha formula instead is philologically correct."},{"glossary_id":"maaser-first-pre-sinai (appliesTo normalized to GEN-WOH-28:22)","status":"approve","citations":["Milgrom Leviticus 23-27 AB (2001)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified: Gen 28:22 is the second pre-Sinai patriarchal tithe (after Avraham at Gen 14:20). Normalization of refId to WOH-prefixed form is correct."},{"glossary_id":"patriarchal-seed-comparison-triad (appliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-28:14)","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS (1989) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Re-verified: Gen 28:14 ka-afar ha-aretz (dust) is the re-application to Ya'aqov of the Gen 13:16 foundational dust-form of the patriarchal-seed-comparison-triad. appliesTo extension appropriate."},{"glossary_id":"nivrakhu-bekha-niphal-hithpael (appliesTo normalized to GEN-WOH-28:14)","status":"approve","citations":["MT (Westminster Leningrad)"],"reasoning":"Re-verified MT pointing: Gen 28:14 nivrakhu is niphal, matching Gen 12:3 and 18:18 niphal and contrasting with Gen 22:18 and 26:4 hithpael. Project MT-fidelity policy preserves the passive rendering. Normalization of refId is correct."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:1",
        "text": "And Yitzchaq called Ya'aqov, and blessed him, and charged him, and said to him, You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Kena'an."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:2",
        "text": "Arise, go to Paddan-Aram, to the house of Betu'el your mother's father, and take yourself a wife from there from the daughters of Lavan your mother's brother."
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:3",
        "text": "And El Shaddai bless you, and make you fruitful, and multiply you, that you may become an assembly of peoples."
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:4",
        "text": "And give you the blessing of Avraham, to you and to your seed with you, that you may possess the land of your sojournings, which Elohim gave to Avraham."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:5",
        "text": "And Yitzchaq sent Ya'aqov away, and he went to Paddan-Aram to Lavan son of Betu'el the Arammi, brother of Rivkah, the mother of Ya'aqov and Esav."
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:6",
        "text": "And Esav saw that Yitzchaq had blessed Ya'aqov and sent him away to Paddan-Aram, to take himself a wife from there; and that as he blessed him he had charged him, saying, You shall not take a wife from the daughters of Kena'an;"
      },{
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:7",
        "text": "And that Ya'aqov obeyed his father and his mother, and was gone to Paddan-Aram;"
      },{
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:8",
        "text": "and Esav saw that the daughters of Kena'an were evil in the eyes of Yitzchaq his father;"
      },{
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:9",
        "text": "and Esav went to Yishma'el, and took Machalat the daughter of Yishma'el the son of Avraham, the sister of Nevayot, to be his wife, in addition to the wives he had."
      },{
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:10",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov went out from Be'er Sheva, and went toward Charan."
      },{
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:11",
        "text": "And he lighted upon the place, and lodged there, for the sun had set; and he took one of the stones of the place, and put it under his head, and lay down in that place to sleep."
      },{
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:12",
        "text": "And he dreamed, and behold, a stairway set up on the earth, and its top reached to the heavens; and behold, the messengers of Elohim ascending and descending on it."
      },{
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:13",
        "text": "And behold, YHWH stood above it, and said, I am YHWH, the Elohim of Avraham your father, and the Elohim of Yitzchaq; the land on which you are lying, to you will I give it, and to your seed."
      },{
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:14",
        "text": "And your seed shall be as the dust of the earth, and you shall spread abroad to the west, and to the east, and to the north, and to the south; and in you and in your seed shall all the families of the ground be blessed."
      },{
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:15",
        "text": "And behold, I am with you, and will keep you wherever you go, and will bring you back to this ground; for I will not leave you until I have done that which I have spoken to you of."
      },{
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:16",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov awoke from his sleep, and said, Surely YHWH is in this place, and I did not know it."
      },{
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:17",
        "text": "And he was afraid, and said, How awesome is this place! This is none other than the house of Elohim, and this is the gate of the heavens."
      },{
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:18",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head, and set it up as a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it."
      },{
        "n": 19,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:19",
        "text": "And he called the name of that place Beit-El; but the name of the city was Luz at the first."
      },{
        "n": 20,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:20",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov vowed a vow, saying, If Elohim will be with me, and will keep me on this way that I am going, and will give me bread to eat and clothing to put on,"
      },{
        "n": 21,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:21",
        "text": "so that I come back to my father's house in peace, then YHWH shall be my Elohim;"
      },{
        "n": 22,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-28:22",
        "text": "and this stone, which I have set up as a pillar, shall be the house of Elohim; and of all that you give me I will surely give a tenth to you."
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/28",
    "book": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/",
    "chapters": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/",
    "library": "/v1/library/",
    "schema": "/v1/schema/book/"
  }
}