{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "genesis-woh",
    "chapter": 35
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 35,
    "bookSlug": "genesis-woh",
    "bookCode": "GEN-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Genesis 35 — The return to Beit-El, the death of Rachel and the birth of Binyamin, Reuben's deed, and the death of Yitzchaq",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Genesis.35","glossaryVersion":"2.33.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.3.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)","claude-opus-4-7 (editor)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"GEN-35:1","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 240","Alter Five Books of Moses 2004 p. 196"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yomer Elohim el-Ya'aqov qum aleh Beit-El v-shev-sham va-aseh-sham mizbeach la-El ha-nir'eh elekha b-borchakha mi-pnei Esav achikha*. WoH renders directly per ASV-baseline with Elohim / El / Beit-El / Esav / Ya'aqov transliterated per the established convention. The *la-El ha-nir'eh elekha* construction (definite article + niphal participle) is correctly rendered *the El who appeared to you*; the *mi-pnei* idiom *from the face of* is preserved literally rather than smoothed to *from*."},{"refId":"GEN-35:2","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. *nekhar* pp. 648-649","HALOT s.v. *nekhar*","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 552-553","Halpern *Emergence of Israel in Canaan* SBL Mon 29 (1983)","M. Smith *Origins of Biblical Monotheism* 2001"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *hasiru et-elohei ha-nekhar asher b-tokhkhem v-hittaharu v-hachalifu simloteikhem*. The hiphil imperative plural *hasiru* and the verbal-and-lexical construction *elohei ha-nekhar* are correctly identified. The WoH choice *put away the foreign elohim* preserves ASV-baseline with *elohim* in transliteration per the established policy; *ha-nekhar* rendered *foreign* matches all major translations. The Josh 24:23-24 cross-corpus identity is documentary and is documented in the glossary entry."},{"refId":"GEN-35:3","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 240"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *v-naqumah v-na'aleh Beit-El v-e'eseh-sham mizbeach la-El ha-oneh oti b-yom tzarati va-yhi immadi ba-derekh asher halakhti*. WoH renders ASV-baseline. The *ha-oneh oti b-yom tzarati* (qal participle of *anah* — answer) is correctly rendered *who answered me in the day of my distress*. The cohortative-plural *naqumah* is preserved as *let us arise*."},{"refId":"GEN-35:4","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 553-554","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 241","HALOT s.v. *nezem*","BDB p. 633"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yittnu el-Ya'aqov et kol-elohei ha-nekhar asher b-yadam v-et ha-nezamim asher b-azneihem va-yitmon otam Ya'aqov tachat ha-elah asher im-Shekhem*. The *b-azneihem* (in-their-ears) qualifier is correctly identified, locating these as ear-rings distinct from Gen 24's nose-rings. The Exod 32:2-3 / Judg 8:24-26 cross-corpus pattern is documentary; the glossary entry's lens-discipline is clean (the cultic-amulet reading is mainstream, not WoH-distinctive)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:5","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 369 s.v. *chittah*","HALOT s.v. *chittah*","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 241","von Rad *Holy War in Ancient Israel* 1991 (ET)"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yissa'u va-yhi chittat Elohim al-he-arim asher s'vivoteihem v-lo radfu acharei b-nei Ya'aqov*. The *chittat Elohim* construct-chain is grammatically explicit. WoH *a terror of Elohim* preserves the indefinite construct-translation convention (defensible per Joüon-Muraoka §139) and preserves *Elohim* in transliteration. The 1 Sam 14:15 *chardat Elohim* parallel and the Exod 23:27 / Deut 11:25 divine-warfare formula complex are documented. Central placement defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-35:6","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 241"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yavo Ya'aqov Luzah asher b-eretz Kena'an hi Beit-El hu v-khol ha-am asher immo*. Standard rendering. The *Luzah* directional-h is correctly rendered as *to Luz* and the *hi Beit-El* glossed in parenthesis per ASV convention."},{"refId":"GEN-35:7","status":"approve","citations":["Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 241","Joüon-Muraoka §136a-d (on grammatical-plural-with-Elohim)"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yiven sham mizbeach va-yiqra la-maqom El Beit-El ki sham niglu elav ha-Elohim b-vorcho mi-pnei achiv*. The niphal 3mp *niglu* with *ha-Elohim* as subject is correctly identified as a grammatically-plural-verb-with-Elohim construction (parallel to Gen 20:13, 31:53, 2 Sam 7:23). The commentary's plural-verb observation cites BDB, HALOT, and Joüon-Muraoka accurately. WoH *the Elohim were revealed* preserves the plural-verb visibility; the existing `ha-el-beit-el-divine-self-identification` extension to v 7 is defensible (the altar-name `El Beit-El` is the human-side counterpart of the Gen 31:13 divine self-identification)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:8","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 425-426","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 271-272","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 554-555","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-tamot Devorah meineqet Rivkah va-tiqaver mi-tachat l-Veit-El tachat ha-allon va-yiqra shemo Allon Bakhut*. WoH renders ASV-baseline preserving Allon-Bakhut in transliteration. The Deborah-narrative-isolation problem (no mention from Gen 24:59 to Gen 35:8) is HB-internal-verifiable. The compositional-fragment reading is the mainstream modern critical reading. Overlay placement defensible: chapter-singular phenomenon."},{"refId":"GEN-35:9","status":"approve","citations":["Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003 (P pericope identification)"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yera Elohim el-Ya'aqov od b-vo'o mi-Paddan-Aram va-yvarekh oto*. The *od* (again) is editorially significant — it presupposes a prior appearance at Bethel (Gen 28:13-15); the P-source pericope's opening at v 9 is consistent with the P-doublet reading. WoH renders ASV-baseline; no translation crux."},{"refId":"GEN-35:10","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 422-425","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 270-271","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 552-554","Hamilton *NICOT Genesis 18-50* 1995 pp. 374-377","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yomer-lo Elohim shimkha Ya'aqov lo yiqqare shimkha od Ya'aqov ki im-Yisra'el yihyeh shemekha va-yiqra et-shemo Yisra'el*. The P-doublet of Gen 32:29 is the foundational philological observation of the verse; the documentary-critical consensus (Skinner, Speiser, Westermann, Hamilton, Friedman, Carr) is mainstream and well-documented. The WoH translation matches its earlier-chapter rendering at Gen 32:29 mutatis mutandis — the formal parallelism is preserved, which is exactly the correct treatment for a doublet. The architectural decision (option c: sibling-overlay-entry to `yisrael-name-aetiology-sarah-im-elohim`) is defensible: the two entries cover different phenomena (in-text etymology vs documentary doublet) and the sibling-pairing preserves clean entry-focus. I judge this is the correct architectural pattern but flag the precedent for human ratification — see lens-leakage-flags / status note."},{"refId":"GEN-35:11","status":"approve","citations":["Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 242","BDB p. 156 s.v. *goy*; p. 874 s.v. *qahal*"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yomer lo Elohim ani El Shaddai p'reh u-rveh goy u-qhal goyim yihyeh mimekka u-melakhim me-chalatzekha yetze'u*. The P-source cluster (*ani El Shaddai* + *p'reh u-rveh* + *goy u-qhal goyim* + *melakhim me-chalatzekha yetze'u*) is dense and documentary. The Gen 17:5-6, 17:16, 28:3, 48:4 cross-corpus is verifiable. The new `goy-u-qhal-goyim-nation-company-formula` central entry cross-links cleanly to existing `el-shaddai` and `peru-urvu` entries. WoH renders ASV-baseline (*a nation and a company of nations* + *kings shall come out of your loins*); the literal *chalatzekha* / *loins* is preserved rather than smoothed."},{"refId":"GEN-35:12","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 242"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *v-et ha-aretz asher natatti l-Avraham u-l-Yitzchaq l-kha ettenenah u-l-zar'akha acharekha etten et-ha-aretz*. The land-promise to the patriarchal triad. Standard ASV-baseline rendering. No translation crux."},{"refId":"GEN-35:13","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 p. 555","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 242","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-ya'al me-alav Elohim ba-maqom asher dibber itto*. The verb *alah* (qal) of divine ascent-departure paired with *me-alav* (from upon him). The Gen 17:22 P-bracketing parallel is exact (the only patriarchal-narrative occurrences of the formula). The glossary entry's lens-discipline note (any project-specific physical-vertical-departure synthesis is reserved for the wiki) is appropriate and explicit. WoH renders ASV-baseline; no lens-leakage on the translation surface."},{"refId":"GEN-35:14","status":"approve","citations":["Milgrom AB Numbers 1990 pp. 246-253","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 554-555","HALOT s.v. *nesekh*","BDB pp. 651-652"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yatzev Ya'aqov matzevah ba-maqom asher dibber itto matzevet aven va-yasekh aleha nesekh va-yitzoq aleha shamen*. The matzevah-libation-oil triple is editorially-distinctive. The *nesekh* as the only patriarchal libation in Genesis is documentary and the cross-corpus reach (Exod 25-30; Num 28-29; Hos 9:4; Jer 7:18; Joel 1-2) supports central placement. The P-redactional anticipation reading (Milgrom, Levine, Knohl) is mainstream. WoH renders ASV-baseline *drink-offering*; the matzevah glossary extension to v 14 is correct."},{"refId":"GEN-35:15","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 242"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yiqra Ya'aqov et-shem ha-maqom asher dibber itto sham Elohim Beit-El*. The P-source's place-naming counterpart to Gen 28:19 (J/E). Standard rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-35:16","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 243","HALOT s.v. *kivrah*"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yiss'u mi-Beit-El va-yhi od kivrat ha-aretz lavo Efratah va-teled Rachel va-t'qash b-lidtah*. The *kivrat ha-aretz* (lit. *some distance of the land*; idiomatic *some distance*) is correctly rendered *still some distance to come to Efrat*. The piel *va-t'qash* (had-hard-labor) is correctly rendered."},{"refId":"GEN-35:17","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 243"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yhi b-haqshotah b-lidtah va-tomer lah ha-myalledet al-tir'i ki gam zeh lakh ben*. Standard ASV-baseline rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-35:18","status":"approve","citations":["Wolff *Anthropology of the Old Testament* 1974","HALOT s.v. *nephesh*, *on*","BDB pp. 19-20, 659-661","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245","Alter Five Books of Moses 2004 pp. 198-199","Albright *BASOR* 99 (1945) pp. 11-12"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yhi b-tzet nafshah ki metah va-tiqra shemo Ben-Oni v-aviv qara-lo Binyamin*. WoH preserves *nephesh* in transliteration (correctly avoiding the Platonic-dualist *soul* of ASV/KJV). The *on* I (sorrow) / *on* II (vigor) ambiguity is grammatically real and documented in HALOT and BDB; both readings preserved in commentary. The three Binyamin-etymologies (right-hand / south / days) are documented in mainstream commentary (Sarna; Albright). The twelfth-tribe-completion structural observation is HB-internal-verifiable. Overlay placement of `binyamin-ben-oni-twelfth-tribe-aetiology` defensible per the category-mismatch argument (single-name aetiology vs cluster-entries)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:19","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-tamot Rachel va-tiqaver b-derekh Efratah hi Beit-Lechem*. Standard rendering; the parenthetical *(the same is Beit-Lechem)* preserves ASV convention."},{"refId":"GEN-35:20","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 p. 557"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yatzev Ya'aqov matzevah al-q'vuratah hi matzevet q'vurat Rachel ad ha-yom*. The *ad ha-yom* (to this day) editorial-formula is correctly preserved (rather than smoothed to *today*). The 1 Sam 10:2 location-discrepancy is noted in commentary; the matzevah extension to v 20 is appropriate."},{"refId":"GEN-35:21","status":"approve","citations":["Mays *Micah* OTL 1976 pp. 98-100","Andersen-Freedman *Micah* AB 2000","Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yissa Yisra'el va-yet aholo me-hal'ah l-Migdal-Eder*. WoH preserves *Migdal-Eder* in transliteration per proper-name convention. The Mic 4:8 prophetic-reception is HB-internal-verifiable and is cited accurately; the rabbinic and Christian reception traditions are documented. Overlay placement defensible (two-verse HB corpus)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:22","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 244","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 558-559","Westbrook *Property and the Family in Biblical Law* JSOTSup 113 (1991)","Tigay *Deuteronomy* AB 1996","Yeivin *Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah* SBL Masoretic Studies 5 (1980)","Tov *Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible* 2012 (3rd ed.)"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yhi bi-shkhon Yisra'el ba-aretz ha-hi va-yelekh Re'uven va-yishkav et-Bilhah pilegesh aviv va-yishma Yisra'el* (פ) *va-yihyu b-nei Ya'aqov shneim asar*. The MT (פ) *piska b-emtza pasuq* is preserved in the source-text field. The three-entry split (central `pilegesh`, central `piska`, overlay `reuben-bilhah-deed-succession-claim`) is architecturally clean and matches the cross-corpus-reach / chapter-singular discipline applied to Gen 32 (Penuel) precedent. The succession-claim reading is mainstream (Sarna, Westermann, Westbrook, Tigay, van Seters); the ANE-comparative material (HL §195, MAL §41, CH §157) and the HB-internal parallels (2 Sam 16:21-22, 1 Kgs 2:13-25, 2 Sam 3:7) are documentary. The Gen 49:3-4 retrospective is HB-internal-explicit. WoH translation surface is ASV-baseline; the deed is rendered without softening or smoothing. The colon-and-period punctuation in the English (*...his father's concubine: and Yisra'el heard of it. And the sons of Ya'aqov were twelve.*) approximately reflects the (פ) break."},{"refId":"GEN-35:23","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *b-nei Le'ah b'khor Ya'aqov Re'uven v-Shim'on v-Levi vi-Yhudah v-Yissakhar u-Zevulun*. Standard list-rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-35:24","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *b-nei Rachel Yosef u-Vinyamin*. Standard list-rendering. The Binyamin-listed-in-Rachel-list is the textual basis of the v 26 contradiction (see verdict on v 26)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:25","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *u-v-nei Bilhah shifchat Rachel Dan v-Naftali*. Bilhah is named here as *shifchat Rachel* (handmaid) — the status-class returns to *shifchah* in the formal-genealogical-list, distinct from her *pilegesh aviv* status at v 22. The status-shift is HB-internal-verifiable. Standard list-rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-35:26","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 426-427","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 274-275","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 558-559","Hamilton NICOT 1995 pp. 379-381","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *u-v-nei Zilpah shifchat Le'ah Gad v-Asher eleh b-nei Ya'aqov asher yullad-lo b-Paddan-Aram*. The contradiction with vv 16-18 is HB-internal-explicit (Binyamin is named in the v 24 Rachel-list and in this verse's closing formula, but vv 16-18 narrate his birth between Beit-El and Efrat, not in Paddan-Aram). The documentary-source-seam reading is mainstream (Skinner, Speiser, Westermann, Hamilton, Friedman, Carr). WoH renders the contradiction as the MT presents it, without smoothing — the correct treatment. Overlay placement defensible (chapter-singular contradiction)."},{"refId":"GEN-35:27","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 246","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 559-560","Josephus *Antiquities* I.237"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yavo Ya'aqov el-Yitzchaq aviv Mamre Qiryat ha-Arba hi Hevron asher gar-sham Avraham v-Yitzchaq*. The triple-toponym (Mamre / Qiryat-Arba / Hevron) is grammatically explicit. The cross-corpus distribution (Gen 23:2, 19; Josh 14:15; 20:7) is verifiable. WoH preserves all three toponyms in transliteration per proper-name convention. Overlay placement defensible."},{"refId":"GEN-35:28","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 246"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yihyu y'mei Yitzchaq m'at shanah u-shmonim shanah*. Standard age-formula rendering; 180 years."},{"refId":"GEN-35:29","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 246","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 561-562","Janzen *Abraham and All the Families of the Earth* 1993"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: *va-yigva Yitzchaq va-yamot va-ye'asef el-ammav zaqen u-s'va yamim va-yiqberu oto Esav v-Ya'aqov banav*. The triple-death-formula (*gavah* / *mut* / *ye'asef el-ammav*) is correctly rendered *expired, died, was gathered to his peoples*. The *zaqen u-s'va yamim* central entry already covers v 29 in its appliesTo per editor report (verified: GEN-35:29 is present); cross-corpus Gen 25:8, 1 Chr 29:28, 2 Chr 24:15, Job 42:17 documented. The new `reconciled-brothers-bury-father-motif` central entry with Gen 25:9 parallel is structurally clean. The chronological-displacement note in commentary is mainstream observation (Sarna explicit, Speiser/Westermann/Hamilton/Skinner concur)."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"elohei-ha-nekhar-foreign-gods-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Halpern *Emergence of Israel in Canaan* SBL Mon 29 (1983)","M. Smith *Origins of Biblical Monotheism* 2001","Albertz *History of Israelite Religion* 1994","van der Toorn *Family Religion in Babylonia, Syria, and Israel* 1996","HALOT s.v. *nekhar*"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the formula spans Gen, Josh, Judg, 1 Sam, Jer, 2 Chr — six HB books — exceeding the cross-corpus threshold. The household-polytheism reading is presented as mainstream modern critical scholarship (Halpern, Smith, Albertz), not as WoH-distinctive synthesis; the entry explicitly notes that project-specific synthesis is reserved for the wiki. Lens-discipline clean."},{"glossary_id":"chittat-elohim-divine-terror-motif","status":"approve","citations":["von Rad *Heilige Krieg* 1951 (ET 1991)","Lind *Yahweh is a Warrior* 1980","Niditch *War in the Hebrew Bible* 1993","HALOT s.v. *chittah*","BDB p. 369"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the divine-terror motif's lexical-cluster (*chittah / eimah / pachad / morah / chardah*) spans Exod 15, 23; Deut 11; Josh 2; 1 Sam 14; 2 Chr 14, 17, 20. The divine-warfare-complex reading (von Rad, Lind, Niditch) is mainstream. The Gen 35:5 *chittat Elohim* (rather than *chittat YHWH*) P-register observation is correct."},{"glossary_id":"nesekh-libation-drink-offering","status":"approve","citations":["Milgrom AB Numbers 1990 pp. 246-253","Levine AB Leviticus 1989 pp. 158-159","Knohl *Sanctuary of Silence* 1995","HALOT s.v. *nesekh*"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: cross-corpus reach into Mosaic sacrificial system (Exod 25-30; Lev 23; Num 4, 6, 15, 28-29), prophetic polemic (Hos 9:4; Jer 7:18, 19:13, 32:29, 44:17-19, 25; Ezek 20:28; Ps 16:4), and restoration register (Joel 1:9, 13; 2:14; Ezek 45:17). The P-redactional anticipation reading (Milgrom, Levine, Knohl) is mainstream."},{"glossary_id":"pilegesh-concubine-status-class","status":"approve","citations":["Westbrook *Property and the Family in Biblical Law* JSOTSup 113 (1991)","Westbrook *Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Family Law* 1988","Mendelsohn *Slavery in the ANE* 1949","Tigay AB Deuteronomy 1996","Brenner *Israelite Woman* 1985","HALOT s.v. *pilegesh*"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: 40+ occurrences across Gen, Judg, 1-2 Sam, 1 Kgs, Esth, Song, Ezek, 1 Chr. The four-tier status-class distinction (*ishah* / *pilegesh* / *shifchah-amah* / *zonah*) is documentary. The ANE-comparative material (Westbrook, Mendelsohn, Brenner; HL §31-36, CH §144-149, MAL §41) is mainstream. Lens-discipline clean."},{"glossary_id":"tzet-nephesh-departure-at-death-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Wolff *Anthropology of the Old Testament* 1974","HALOT s.v. *nephesh*","BDB pp. 659-661"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the explicit *tzet nephesh* formula at Gen 35:18 plus inverse-return-formula at 1 Kgs 17:21-22 plus inverse-conferral at Gen 2:7 forms a coherent HB-internal anthropological-vocabulary cluster. The Wolff anthropological consensus on *nephesh* (not Platonic immortal soul; embodied life-component) is mainstream modern critical scholarship. The Platonic-mistranslation critique is documented in standard scholarship (Wolff, Boman, Pedersen). WoH preserves *nephesh* in transliteration — the correct treatment."},{"glossary_id":"goy-u-qhal-goyim-nation-company-formula","status":"approve","citations":["Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003","Carr *Reading the Fractures of Genesis* 1996","Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973","HALOT s.v. *goy*, *qahal*"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: cross-corpus reach at Gen 17:5-6, 17:16, 17:20, 28:3, 35:11, 48:4. The P-source signature cluster (*peru u-rvu* + *goy u-qhal goyim* + *El Shaddai*) is mainstream documentary-critical. The federative-future reading is documented."},{"glossary_id":"reconciled-brothers-bury-father-motif","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 246","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 561-562","Janzen *Abraham and All the Families of the Earth* 1993"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: two HB instances (Gen 25:9 Yitzchaq+Yishma'el bury Avraham; Gen 35:29 Esav+Ya'aqov bury Yitzchaq) form a structural-pattern bracketing the patriarchal-generation transitions. The motif's structural-function reading is mainstream. The chronological-displacement of Yitzchaq's narrative-death is explicitly noted (Sarna; concurred by Speiser, Westermann, Hamilton, Skinner)."},{"glossary_id":"va-yaal-elohim-divine-ascent-departure","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 256-258, 555","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003","HALOT s.v. *alah*","BDB pp. 748-755"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the patriarchal P-bracketing pair (Gen 17:22 / Gen 35:13) plus broader cross-corpus (Judg 13:20, 2 Kgs 2:11) establishes the formula. CRITICAL: the entry's lens-discipline note is explicit and correct — any project-specific synthesis of the physical-vertical-departure vocabulary as cosmological-craft-departure is reserved for the wiki, not embedded in the entry. This is exactly the right treatment for a verse the WoH lens would otherwise be tempted to over-interpret."},{"glossary_id":"nezamim-rings-cultic-amulet-association","status":"approve","citations":["King and Stager *Life in Biblical Israel* 2001","Albright *Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan* 1968","Day *Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan* 2000","HALOT s.v. *nezem*"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the ear-rings-as-cultic-amulet pattern at Gen 35:4 / Exod 32:2-3 / Judg 8:24-26 / Hos 2:15 forms a coherent cross-corpus cluster. The Ezek 16:12 explicit lexical-distinction of *nezem*-on-nose from *agilim*-in-ears is correctly cited. ANE-comparative material is documented."},{"glossary_id":"piska-b-emtza-pasuq-masoretic-paragraph-break","status":"approve","citations":["Yeivin *Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah* SBL Masoretic Studies 5 (1980) §157-158","Tov *Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible* 2012 (3rd ed.)","Würthwein *The Text of the Old Testament* 1995 (ET)","Korpel and Oesch *Delimitation Criticism* 2000"],"reasoning":"Central placement defensible: the Masoretic phenomenon (~28 HB occurrences) is a textual-criticism category, not a chapter-singular feature. Cross-corpus reach at Gen 4:8, 35:22, Num 25:19, Deut 2:8, 2 Sam 12:13, 19:1, 1 Kgs 5:14, plus ~20 more. The Yeivin 1980 catalog is the foundational modern monograph. The rabbinic reception (b. Shabbat 55b, b. Sotah 13a, b. Megillah 18a) is documented."},{"glossary_id":"ha-el-beit-el-divine-self-identification","status":"approve","citations":["Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973","Alt *Der Gott der Väter* 1929"],"reasoning":"AppliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-35:7 defensible: the v 7 altar-name *El Beit-El* is the human-side counterpart to the Gen 31:13 divine self-identification (*anokhi ha-El Beit-El*); both are the same patriarchal-El-compound naming-pattern (Alt 1929 / Cross 1973). Extension does not dilute the entry's focus."},{"glossary_id":"matzevah-sacred-pillar-patriarchal-religion","status":"approve","citations":["de Vaux *Ancient Israel* 1961","Mettinger *No Graven Image?* 1995"],"reasoning":"AppliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-35:14 and 35:20 defensible: both are matzevah-erection acts (cult-site marker at v 14; personal-memorial at v 20). The v 20 personal-memorial use is editorially distinctive (the only patriarchal-narrative personal-memorial matzevah) but the lexeme is the same."},{"glossary_id":"bethel-luz-name-etymology","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989"],"reasoning":"AppliesTo extension to seven Gen 35 references (vv 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16) defensible: the chapter is editorially-dense with Beit-El references and the etymology-entry applies uniformly."},{"glossary_id":"peru-urvu","status":"approve","citations":["Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"AppliesTo extension to GEN-WOH-35:11 defensible: the P-source covenant-blessing formula's reactivation at v 11 is documentary (Gen 1:28; 9:1, 7; 17:6, 20; 28:3; 35:11; 48:4 — the P-source signature cluster)."},{"glossary_id":"yisrael-second-renaming-beit-el-p-doublet","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 422-425","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 270-271","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 552-554","Hamilton NICOT 1995 pp. 374-377","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003","Carr *Reading the Fractures of Genesis* 1996"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible. The architectural decision (option c: sibling-overlay-entry to `yisrael-name-aetiology-sarah-im-elohim` rather than entry-extension or promotion-to-central) is well-reasoned: the two entries cover different phenomena (in-text etymology vs documentary doublet), the sibling-pairing preserves clean focus, and promotion to central is premature until Hosea 12:4-5 is translated. The P-source markers within Gen 35:9-15 (*Elohim*/*El Shaddai* register; *peru u-rvu*; *goy u-qhal goyim*; *va-ya'al Elohim*) are dense and documentary. I judge the option-(c) precedent defensible as a project-wide default for clear documentary-doublet encounters, but flag it for human ratification (see status: awaiting-human)."},{"glossary_id":"binyamin-ben-oni-twelfth-tribe-aetiology","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 245","Alter Five Books of Moses 2004 pp. 198-199","Albright *BASOR* 99 (1945) pp. 11-12","Cross *Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic* 1973","HALOT s.v. *on*, *Binyamin*","BDB pp. 19-20"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible per the category-mismatch argument (single-name aetiology vs cluster-entries for the other 11 sons). The *on* I (sorrow) / *on* II (vigor) homonymous-roots ambiguity is documentary (HALOT, BDB). The three Binyamin-etymologies are documented in standard commentary. The Mari *Banū-Yamīna* ANE-parallel is a serious modern-critical observation (Albright, Cross)."},{"glossary_id":"allon-bakhut-deborah-burial-fragment","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 425-426","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 271-272","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 554-555","Soggin *Judges* OTL 1981 pp. 65-66"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible: chapter-singular Deborah-narrative-isolation, with chapter-internal compositional-fragment reading. The Judg 4:5 *tomer Devorah* relation is contested but is a serious modern-critical possibility (Cross, Soggin). The displaced-Rivkah-burial hypothesis is preserved as Speiser's *plausible conjecture* without overclaiming."},{"glossary_id":"migdal-eder-tower-of-flock-prophetic-reception","status":"approve","citations":["Mays *Micah* OTL 1976 pp. 98-100","Andersen-Freedman *Micah* AB 2000","Targum Pseudo-Jonathan at Gen 35:21","Jerome *Epistle* 108.10"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible: two-verse HB corpus (Gen 35:21; Mic 4:8). The site-uncertainty (Bethlehem-area vs Jerusalem-area) and the rabbinic-and-Christian receptions are documented."},{"glossary_id":"paddan-aram-binyamin-contradiction-documentary-seam","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 426-427","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 274-275","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 558-559","Hamilton NICOT 1995 pp. 379-381","Friedman *The Bible with Sources Revealed* 2003"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible: chapter-singular geographical-chronological contradiction. The modern critical P-redactional reading is mainstream and the traditional harmonizations (Rashi, Ibn Ezra, Ramban) are acknowledged."},{"glossary_id":"mamre-qiryat-arba-hevron-triple-toponym","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 246","Josephus *Antiquities* I.237"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible: chapter-singular triple-toponym treatment with the Makhpelah-burial-site connection and the Davidic-Hevron reception. The cross-corpus distribution (Gen 23:2, 19; Josh 14:15; 20:7; Judg 1:10; Neh 11:25) is HB-internal."},{"glossary_id":"reuben-bilhah-deed-succession-claim-gen-49-retrospective","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 p. 244","Westermann *Genesis 12-36* 1985 pp. 558-559","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 273-274","Westbrook *Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Family Law* 1988","Tigay AB Deuteronomy 1996","van Seters *Abraham in History and Tradition* 1975","Roth *Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor* 1995"],"reasoning":"Overlay placement defensible: chapter-specific deed with Gen 49:3-4 retrospective. The three-entry split (central *pilegesh*, central *piska*, overlay deed-retrospective) is architecturally clean. The succession-claim ANE-typology (2 Sam 16:21-22, 1 Kgs 2:13-25, 2 Sam 3:7; HL §195, MAL §41, CH §157) is mainstream and documented. CRITICAL: the entry's lens-discipline note (the succession-claim reading is mainstream, NOT WoH-distinctive synthesis; any project-specific synthesis reserved for wiki) is explicit and correct."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[],"architecturalNote":"The Editor introduced a project-wide architectural precedent at v 10: a sibling-overlay-entry (`yisrael-second-renaming-beit-el-p-doublet`) was created as a sibling to the existing `yisrael-name-aetiology-sarah-im-elohim` (Gen 32:29) overlay entry, rather than extending the existing entry's appliesTo or promoting it to central. I judge the option-(c) pattern defensible and recommend it as a project-wide default for clear documentary-doublet encounters on load-bearing renamings. However, because this is precedent-setting for future doublet handling (Gen 17 / Exod 6 Avraham-covenant; Gen 28 / Gen 35 Bethel-doublet; later cases throughout the Pentateuch), the status is advanced to `awaiting-human` for explicit human ratification of the pattern. If human review prefers a different default (option a entry-extension; option b promotion-to-central), this entry should be restructured before reviewer-approved status is reached."}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:1",
        "text": "And Elohim said to Ya'aqov, Arise, go up to Beit-El, and dwell there; and make there an altar to the El who appeared to you when you fled from the face of Esav your brother."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:2",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov said to his household, and to all that were with him, Put away the foreign elohim that are in your midst, and purify yourselves, and change your garments;"
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:3",
        "text": "and let us arise, and go up to Beit-El; and I will make there an altar to the El who answered me in the day of my distress, and was with me in the way that I went."
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:4",
        "text": "And they gave to Ya'aqov all the foreign elohim that were in their hand, and the rings that were in their ears; and Ya'aqov hid them under the oak that was by Shechem."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:5",
        "text": "And they journeyed; and a terror of Elohim was upon the cities that were round about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of Ya'aqov."
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:6",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov came to Luz, which is in the land of Kena'an (the same is Beit-El), he and all the people that were with him."
      },{
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:7",
        "text": "And he built there an altar, and called the place El Beit-El; because there the Elohim were revealed to him, when he fled from the face of his brother."
      },{
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:8",
        "text": "And Deborah, Rivkah's nurse, died, and she was buried below Beit-El under the oak; and the name of it was called Allon-Bakhut."
      },{
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:9",
        "text": "And Elohim appeared to Ya'aqov again, when he came from Paddan-Aram, and blessed him."
      },{
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:10",
        "text": "And Elohim said to him, Your name is Ya'aqov: your name shall not be called any more Ya'aqov, but Yisra'el shall be your name; and he called his name Yisra'el."
      },{
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:11",
        "text": "And Elohim said to him, I am El Shaddai: be fruitful and multiply; a nation and a company of nations shall be from you, and kings shall come out of your loins;"
      },{
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:12",
        "text": "and the land which I gave to Avraham and to Yitzchaq, to you will I give it, and to your seed after you will I give the land."
      },{
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:13",
        "text": "And Elohim went up from him in the place where he spoke with him."
      },{
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:14",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov set up a pillar in the place where he spoke with him, a pillar of stone; and he poured a drink-offering on it, and poured oil on it."
      },{
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:15",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov called the name of the place where Elohim spoke with him, Beit-El."
      },{
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:16",
        "text": "And they journeyed from Beit-El; and there was still some distance to come to Efrat; and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labor."
      },{
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:17",
        "text": "And it came to pass, when she was in hard labor, that the midwife said to her, Fear not; for now you will have this son also."
      },{
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:18",
        "text": "And it came to pass, as her nephesh was departing (for she was dying), that she called his name Ben-Oni; but his father called him Binyamin."
      },{
        "n": 19,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:19",
        "text": "And Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Efrat (the same is Beit-Lechem)."
      },{
        "n": 20,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:20",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov set up a pillar upon her grave; the same is the pillar of Rachel's grave to this day."
      },{
        "n": 21,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:21",
        "text": "And Yisra'el journeyed, and pitched his tent beyond Migdal-Eder."
      },{
        "n": 22,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:22",
        "text": "And it came to pass, while Yisra'el dwelt in that land, that Re'uven went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine: and Yisra'el heard of it. And the sons of Ya'aqov were twelve."
      },{
        "n": 23,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:23",
        "text": "The sons of Le'ah: Re'uven, Ya'aqov's firstborn, and Shim'on, and Levi, and Yehudah, and Yissakhar, and Zevulun;"
      },{
        "n": 24,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:24",
        "text": "the sons of Rachel: Yosef and Binyamin;"
      },{
        "n": 25,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:25",
        "text": "and the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid: Dan and Naftali;"
      },{
        "n": 26,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:26",
        "text": "and the sons of Zilpah, Le'ah's handmaid: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Ya'aqov, who were born to him in Paddan-Aram."
      },{
        "n": 27,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:27",
        "text": "And Ya'aqov came to Yitzchaq his father at Mamre, to Qiryat-Arba (the same is Hevron), where Avraham and Yitzchaq sojourned."
      },{
        "n": 28,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:28",
        "text": "And the days of Yitzchaq were a hundred and eighty years."
      },{
        "n": 29,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-35:29",
        "text": "And Yitzchaq expired, and died, and was gathered to his peoples, old and full of days; and Esav and Ya'aqov his sons buried him."
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/35",
    "book": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/",
    "chapters": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/",
    "library": "/v1/library/",
    "schema": "/v1/schema/book/"
  }
}