{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "genesis-woh",
    "chapter": 36
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 36,
    "bookSlug": "genesis-woh",
    "bookCode": "GEN-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Genesis 36 — The tale of Esav, the Horites of Se'ir, and the kings who reigned in Edom",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Genesis.36","glossaryVersion":"2.34.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.4.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)","claude-opus-4-7 (editor)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:1","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC Genesis 1910 pp. 430-434","Westermann Genesis 12-36 1985 pp. 559-563","Friedman The Bible with Sources Revealed 2003"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת עֵשָׂו הוּא אֱדוֹם. ASV-baseline rendering of the opening toledot-formula + fourfold-refrain head is exact; structural observation about the four hu-Edom / avi-Edom bracketing-occurrences (vv 1, 8, 19, 43 with v 9 variant) is documentary and well-supported by Skinner/Westermann/Friedman."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:2","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS Genesis 1989 pp. 248-249","Westermann Genesis 12-36 pp. 558-561","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 280-281","Skinner ICC pp. 425-426"],"reasoning":"Source verified: MT ha-Chitti / ha-Chivvi preserved on translation surface per principal-reading principle; LXX/SamP ha-Chori variant documented in commentary; three-attestation Esav-wives doublet handled per the ratified sibling-overlay pattern."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:3","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified: וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַת בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵאל אֲחוֹת נְבָיוֹת. Straightforward ASV-baseline rendering; appropriately tagged with the Gen-36-side wives-doublet overlay entry."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical formula correctly rendered; no philological dispute."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:5","status":"approve","citations":["Wheel of Heaven Translator Brief principle: qere preferred","Alter The Five Books of Moses 2004 p. 203"],"reasoning":"Source verified: ketiv יעיש / qere יְעוּשׁ. The qere Ye'ush is the form transmitted at the parallel 1 Chr 1:35 and is the modern-consensus reading; the principle is consistent with NJPS/NRSV/ASV/KJV alignment. Commentary documents the ketiv/qere phenomenon correctly."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:6","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard relocation-narrative rendering. The phrase אֶל־אֶרֶץ (literally 'to a land') rendered 'into a land' is defensible ASV-baseline."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:7","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann Genesis 12-36 p. 560","Hamilton NICOT Genesis 18-50 p. 391"],"reasoning":"Source verified. The lexical-echo of Gen 13:6 (rekhusham rav / shevet yachdav / nasa ha-aretz) is HB-internal-explicit; modern critical reading as P-redactional patterning is well-supported."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:8","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS p. 249","Westermann pp. 561-562"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וַיֵּשֶׁב עֵשָׂו בְּהַר שֵׂעִיר עֵשָׂו הוּא אֱדוֹם. Second fourfold-refrain occurrence correctly identified; geographic-equation Esav-Se'ir-Edom HB-pervasive."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:9","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC pp. 430-434","Westermann p. 561","Friedman The Bible with Sources Revealed 2003"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וְאֵלֶּה תֹּלְדוֹת עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם בְּהַר שֵׂעִיר. Second toledot-formula correctly identified; modern critical reading of v 1 / v 9 doubling as evidence of compiled-from-multiple-sources is standard documentary-critical."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:10","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical-superscription correctly rendered."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:11","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann p. 562","Hamilton NICOT p. 392","Pope Job AB 1973","Clines Job WBC"],"reasoning":"Source verified: תֵּימָן אוֹמָר צְפוֹ וְגַעְתָּם וּקְנַז. The Job/Eliphaz-the-Temanite cross-corpus link is appropriately flagged-without-resolution per the discipline of deferring cross-corpus questions to the relevant translation pipeline."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:12","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS pp. 249-250","Westermann p. 562","Wenham WBC Genesis 16-50 1994 p. 338","Hamilton NICOT pp. 393-394","Mendenhall The Tenth Generation 1973","Bartlett Edom and the Edomites JSOTSup 77 (1989)"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וְתִמְנַע פִּילֶגֶשׁ לֶאֱלִיפַז בֶּן־עֵשָׂו וַתֵּלֶד לֶאֱלִיפַז אֶת־עֲמָלֵק. ASV-baseline rendering exact; the v 22 Timna-double-identification is supported by the dominant modern critical reading. Lens-discipline correctly applied — no WoH-distinctive synthesis on Amaleq-as-archetype is present on the translation surface or in the commentary; project-specific synthesis is properly wiki-reserved."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:13","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:14","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified; ketiv/qere recurrence (יעיש / יְעוּשׁ) handled consistently with v 5."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:15","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. אַלּוּף","HALOT s.v. אַלּוּף","TDOT s.v. 'lp","Bartlett Edom and the Edomites 1989 pp. 86-102","Cross & Freedman 1975 on Exod 15"],"reasoning":"Source verified. ASV-baseline 'chief' is the modern-consensus rendering for the tribal-confederation pre-statehood register; KJV 'duke' (medieval-European-feudal connotation) and NJPS/NRSV 'clan' (loses singular-leader register) both rejected on defensible grounds. Cross-corpus reach (Exod 15:15, Jer 13:21, Zech 9:7 + 12:5-6) justifies central placement."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:16","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 15-19 alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:17","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 15-19 alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:18","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 15-19 alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:19","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC p. 434","Westermann p. 563"],"reasoning":"Source verified: setumah (ס) paragraph-marker correctly identified as confirming the editorial-structural division between the Esav-block and the following Horite-block."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:20","status":"approve","citations":["Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 282-283","Speiser Hurrians and Subarians JAOS Supp 13 (1948)","Wilhelm The Hurrians 1989","Westermann Genesis 12-36 p. 564","Hamilton NICOT pp. 395-396","Bartlett Edom and the Edomites 1989 pp. 78-81"],"reasoning":"Source verified: אֵלֶּה בְנֵי־שֵׂעִיר הַחֹרִי יֹשְׁבֵי הָאָרֶץ. The Horite-identity crux is genuinely unresolved (Hurrian vs cave-dweller folk-etymology); both readings are preserved without resolution per the project's discipline on philologically-unresolved cruxes. claim_type: inferred is defensible — modern scholarship supports both readings."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:21","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 20-30 Horite-block."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:22","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS p. 250","Westermann p. 562","Wenham WBC p. 338"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וַאֲחוֹת לוֹטָן תִּמְנָע. The v 22 Lotan's-sister-Timna double-identification with the v 12 concubine-of-Elifaz is the dominant modern critical reading and is correctly cross-referenced."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:23","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:24","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. יֵמִם","HALOT s.v. יֵמִם I","Sarna JPS pp. 251-252","Westermann pp. 565-566","Speiser AB p. 283","Hamilton NICOT p. 398","Alter p. 204","b. Pesachim 54a","Targum Pseudo-Jonathan","Onqelos","Rashi at Gen 36:24","Skinner ICC p. 433"],"reasoning":"Source verified: אֲשֶׁר מָצָא אֶת־הַיֵּמִם בַּמִּדְבָּר. ASV-baseline 'hot springs' preserved per the modern-majority reading (LXX/Vulgate aquas calidas/Sarna/Westermann/Speiser/Hamilton/Alter/Wenham). All five readings (hot springs / mules / demons / Onqelos warm-waters / *eimim*-emendation) are documented without WoH-distinctive synthesis. Lens-discipline correctly applied. claim_type: inferred is defensible — the modern majority is established but the crux is genuinely philologically-open."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:25","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:26","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:27","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:28","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard genealogical rendering."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:29","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of Horite alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:30","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC pp. 433-434","Westermann p. 564"],"reasoning":"Source verified: petucha (פ) paragraph-marker correctly identified as confirming editorial-division. The structural-observation that the Horite-block is *not* closed with a hu-Edom refrain (only Esav-blocks are) is well-supported."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:31","status":"approve","citations":["Wellhausen Prolegomena 1885 pp. 8-9","Eissfeldt The Old Testament: An Introduction 1965 p. 198","Friedman Who Wrote the Bible? 1987 pp. 33-34","Friedman The Bible with Sources Revealed 2003 pp. 96-97","Speiser AB Genesis 1964 p. 284","Westermann Genesis 12-36 pp. 568-569","Hamilton NICOT pp. 401-402","Skinner ICC pp. 434-435","Sarna JPS p. 252","Cassuto The Documentary Hypothesis 1941/1961","Ibn Ezra at Gen 36:31","Bartlett Edom and the Edomites 1989 pp. 86-102"],"reasoning":"Source verified: לִפְנֵי מְלָךְ־מֶלֶךְ לִבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל. The documentary-critical observation is mainstream modern scholarship; the framing as such (not as WoH-distinctive) is correct. The full apparatus — Wellhausen as classic statement; Eissfeldt/Friedman/Skinner/Speiser/Westermann/Hamilton/Sarna as standard modern; Cassuto/Rashi as harmonizing-traditional; Ibn Ezra's *sod ha-shneim asar* as medieval anticipation — is comprehensively cited. claim_type: direct is defensible because the documentary-critical observation is the mainstream modern position and the harmonizing-traditional reading is the named opposing position; both are presented as named scholarly positions."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:32","status":"approve","citations":["Hoftijzer & van der Kooij Aramaic Texts from Deir 'Alla 1976","Hoftijzer & van der Kooij eds. The Balaam Text from Deir Alla Re-evaluated 1991","Levine Numbers 21-36 AB 2000 pp. 137-156, 241-275","Westermann pp. 566-567","Hamilton NICOT p. 402","Bartlett 1989 pp. 89-90","Speiser p. 283","Sarna p. 253","b. Sanhedrin 105a","Genesis Rabbah 82:14","Targum Pseudo-Jonathan at Gen 36:32","Rashi at Gen 36:32"],"reasoning":"Source verified: בֶּלַע בֶּן־בְּעוֹר וְשֵׁם עִירוֹ דִּנְהָבָה. Both the rabbinic identifying-tradition (b. Sanh, Targ PsJ, Gen Rab, Rashi) and the modern critical distinguishing-tradition (Westermann, Hamilton, Bartlett, Speiser, Levine) are properly preserved. The Deir 'Alla inscription cross-reference is mainstream ANE epigraphy, not WoH-distinctive synthesis. claim_type: inferred for the overlay entry is defensible — the identification-question is genuinely unresolved, but the modern critical position is well-attested."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:33","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard king-succession formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:34","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard king-succession formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:35","status":"approve","citations":["Bartlett Edom and the Edomites 1989 pp. 91-92","Hamilton NICOT p. 403"],"reasoning":"Source verified: הַמַּכֶּה אֶת־מִדְיָן בִּשְׂדֵה מוֹאָב. The Hadad-ben-Bedad notice's break from the otherwise-formulaic king-list is correctly identified; the Edom-Midyan-Mo'av regional-triangle cross-corpus distribution is appropriately deferred to future Num-translation pipeline."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:36","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard king-succession formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:37","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard king-succession formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:38","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Standard king-succession formula."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:39","status":"approve","citations":["BHS apparatus at Gen 36:39","Speiser AB p. 283","Westermann p. 567"],"reasoning":"Source verified: MT הֲדַר preserved per principal-reading principle. The 1 Chr 1:50 / SamP / some LXX *Hadad* variant is documented in commentary; the resh/dalet paleographic confusion is a known phenomenon (cf. Gen 10:3 Rifat / 1 Chr 1:6 Difat)."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:40","status":"approve","citations":["Speiser AB pp. 283-284","Westermann pp. 565-567","Bartlett 1989 pp. 86-102"],"reasoning":"Source verified: וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת אַלּוּפֵי עֵשָׂו לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם לִמְקֹמֹתָם בִּשְׁמֹתָם. The toponymic-eponym-catalogue identification per Speiser and the modern critical reading of the vv 15-19 / vv 40-43 partial-overlap as evidence of distinct geographical-source traditions is well-supported."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:41","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 40-43 alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:42","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Source verified. Continuation of vv 40-43 alufim-list."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-36:43","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC p. 435","Westermann p. 567","Hamilton NICOT pp. 404-405","Friedman 2003"],"reasoning":"Source verified: הוּא עֵשָׂו אֲבִי אֱדוֹם. Closing fourfold-refrain (fullest form hu Esav avi Edom) + petucha (פ) correctly identified. The chapter-closing structural-summary is editorially-deliberate per Skinner/Westermann/Hamilton/Friedman."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"aluf-edomite-clan-chief-tribal-confederation","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. אַלּוּף","HALOT s.v. אַלּוּף","TDOT s.v. 'lp","Bartlett Edom and the Edomites 1989 pp. 86-102","Cross & Freedman 1975"],"reasoning":"claim_type: direct defensible — the technical clan-chief sense is well-attested in BDB, HALOT, TDOT; the ~40 in-chapter occurrences + cross-corpus reach (Exod 15:15, Jer 13:21, Zech 9:7, 12:5-6) justify central placement; the tribal-confederation pre-statehood register is a documented modern scholarly position (Bartlett)."},{"glossary_id":"amaleq-timna-genealogy-archetypal-enemy-origin","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna JPS pp. 249-250","Westermann pp. 562, 568","Mendenhall The Tenth Generation 1973","Bartlett 1989","Wenham WBC p. 338","Hamilton NICOT pp. 393-394"],"reasoning":"claim_type: direct defensible — the genealogical placement of Amaleq within the Esavite-secondary-line is HB-internal-explicit; the cross-corpus Amaleq-tradition (Exod 17, Deut 25, Num 24, 1 Sam 15, 1 Sam 30, 2 Sam 1, Est 3, 1 Chr 1) is documentary. Central placement justified by the broadest cross-corpus reach of any Gen 36 item. Lens-discipline correctly applied: no WoH-distinctive synthesis on the Amaleq-archetype is present; project-specific synthesis is properly wiki-reserved."},{"glossary_id":"chorim-horites-hurrian-or-cave-dweller-identification","status":"approve","citations":["Speiser AB Genesis 1964 pp. 282-283","Speiser JAOS Supp 13 (1948)","Wilhelm The Hurrians 1989","Westermann pp. 563-564","Hamilton NICOT pp. 395-396","Bartlett 1989 pp. 78-81"],"reasoning":"claim_type: inferred defensible — modern scholarship is genuinely divided (Speiser/Albright/Wilhelm Hurrian-identification vs Westermann/Bartlett/Hamilton cave-dweller folk-etymology); the entry documents both readings without forced resolution. Cross-corpus reach (Gen 14:6, Deut 2:12 + 22, 2 Chr 25:14) justifies central placement. The cross-reference to GEN-WOH-14:6 in appliesTo correctly establishes corpus-wide governance pending the Chori-vs-Horite normalization pass."},{"glossary_id":"yemim-hapax-hot-springs-mules-demons-lens-discipline","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. יֵמִם","HALOT s.v. יֵמִם I","Sarna JPS pp. 251-252","Westermann pp. 565-566","Speiser p. 283","Hamilton p. 398","Alter p. 204","b. Pesachim 54a","Targum Pseudo-Jonathan","Onqelos","Skinner ICC p. 433"],"reasoning":"claim_type: inferred defensible — the lexeme is a hapax with five attested readings; the modern majority (hot springs) is established but the crux is genuinely philologically-open. The lens-discipline application is exemplary: all five readings documented without WoH-distinctive synthesis, ASV-baseline 'hot springs' preserved on the translation surface. Central placement justified by the scholarly-apparatus's cross-corpus weight (this is one of the canonical philological-discipline-test verses)."},{"glossary_id":"edom-kings-before-israel-monarchy-documentary-anchor","status":"approve","citations":["Wellhausen Prolegomena 1885 pp. 8-9","Eissfeldt 1965 p. 198","Friedman 1987 pp. 33-34; 2003 pp. 96-97","Speiser AB p. 284","Westermann pp. 568-569","Hamilton NICOT pp. 401-402","Skinner ICC pp. 434-435","Sarna p. 252","Cassuto 1941/1961","Ibn Ezra at Gen 36:31","Spinoza TTP 1670 ch. 8","Bartlett 1989 pp. 86-102"],"reasoning":"claim_type: direct defensible — the documentary-critical observation is mainstream modern scholarship (Wellhausen/Eissfeldt/Friedman/Skinner/Speiser/Westermann/Hamilton/Sarna), the harmonizing-traditional reading is the named opposing position (Cassuto/Rashi), the medieval anticipation is documentary (Ibn Ezra). The framing as 'mainstream modern scholarship, not WoH-distinctive' is correct and important — this is exactly the kind of verse where lens-leakage would be tempting and the editor has correctly resisted it. Central placement justified by the verse's standing as a documentary-critical anchor with project-wide methodological implications."},{"glossary_id":"pilegesh-concubine-status-class","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. פִּילֶגֶשׁ","HALOT s.v. פִּילֶגֶשׁ"],"reasoning":"appliesTo extension from [GEN-WOH-35:22] to [GEN-WOH-35:22, GEN-WOH-36:12] is formal correctness — Timna at Gen 36:12 is explicitly named *pilegesh* in the MT, and the central entry's rationale already lists Gen 36:12 as a cross-corpus attestation; the appliesTo extension formalizes the link. No substantive change to the entry's framing."},{"glossary_id":"hu-edom-fourfold-refrain-toledot-structure","status":"approve","citations":["Skinner ICC pp. 430-434","Westermann pp. 559-563","Hamilton NICOT pp. 388-405","Friedman 2003"],"reasoning":"claim_type: direct defensible — the fourfold-refrain distribution is HB-internal-explicit (verifiable by reading the MT at vv 1, 8, 19, 43 + v 9 variant); the modern critical reading as P-redactional bracketing is mainstream (Skinner/Westermann/Hamilton/Friedman). Overlay placement defensible: the structural-refrain is chapter-36-specific and editorially-distinct from the Gen 25:25/30 birth-and-stew etymology (covered by the central `esau-edom-name-etymology-double-play` entry). The decision NOT to extend the central entry's appliesTo to vv 1, 8, 19, 43 correctly preserves the categorical distinction between the etymology and the structural-identification-refrain."},{"glossary_id":"esav-wives-list-three-chapter-doublet-gen-36-side","status":"approve","citations":["Wellhausen Prolegomena 1885","Skinner ICC pp. 425-426, 430-434","Westermann pp. 427-428, 558-560","Friedman 2003","Speiser pp. 202, 280-281","Sarna pp. 186-187, 248","Genesis Rabbah 65:2","Rashi at Gen 36:2"],"reasoning":"claim_type: direct defensible — the three-attestation discrepancy (Gen 26:34 / Gen 28:9 / Gen 36:2-3) is documentary and HB-internal-explicit; the source-critical reading is mainstream; the harmonizing-rabbinic reading is the named traditional position. The single-Gen-36-side overlay entry (rather than three sibling entries) is architecturally clean: Gen 26:34 is already covered centrally by `morat-ruach-bitterness-of-spirit-esau-hittite-wives`; Gen 28:9 is a single redactional-bridge verse with no independent material requiring its own anchor; Gen 36:2-3 introduces the Oholivamah-Anah-Tziv'on-Horite integration that justifies its own entry. The sibling-overlay-entries pattern (ratified at Gen 35 yisrael-second-renaming-beit-el-p-doublet) is correctly applied."},{"glossary_id":"bela-vs-bilam-ben-beor-name-doublet","status":"approve","citations":["Hoftijzer & van der Kooij Aramaic Texts from Deir 'Alla 1976","Hoftijzer & van der Kooij eds. 1991","Levine Numbers 21-36 AB 2000 pp. 137-156, 241-275","Westermann p. 567","Hamilton NICOT p. 402","Bartlett 1989 pp. 89-90","Speiser p. 283","Sarna p. 253","b. Sanhedrin 105a","Targum Pseudo-Jonathan at Gen 36:32","Genesis Rabbah 82:14","Rashi at Gen 36:32"],"reasoning":"claim_type: inferred defensible — the identification-question (same-figure / distinct-figures / name-doublet) is genuinely unresolved; the rabbinic identifying-tradition and the modern critical distinguishing-tradition are both well-attested. The Deir 'Alla inscription cross-reference is mainstream ANE epigraphy (Hoftijzer-van der Kooij 1976 is the standard edition; Levine AB 2000 is the standard treatment). Provisional overlay anchor with documented promotion-path to central upon future Num 22-Bil'am translation is the correct architectural call."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:1",
        "text": "And these are the generations of Esav (the same is Edom)."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:2",
        "text": "Esav took his wives from the daughters of Kena'an: Adah the daughter of Elon the Chitti, and Oholivamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Tziv'on the Chivvi,"
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:3",
        "text": "and Basemat the daughter of Yishma'el, the sister of Nevayot."
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:4",
        "text": "And Adah bore to Esav Elifaz; and Basemat bore Re'u'el;"
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:5",
        "text": "and Oholivamah bore Ye'ush, and Ya'lam, and Qorach. These are the sons of Esav, who were born to him in the land of Kena'an."
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:6",
        "text": "And Esav took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the souls of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his possessions that he had gathered in the land of Kena'an, and went into a land away from the face of Ya'aqov his brother."
      },{
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:7",
        "text": "For their substance was too great for them to dwell together; and the land of their sojournings could not bear them because of their cattle."
      },{
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:8",
        "text": "And Esav dwelt in Mount Se'ir: Esav is Edom."
      },{
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:9",
        "text": "And these are the generations of Esav, the father of Edom in Mount Se'ir."
      },{
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:10",
        "text": "These are the names of Esav's sons: Elifaz the son of Adah the wife of Esav; Re'u'el the son of Basemat the wife of Esav."
      },{
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:11",
        "text": "And the sons of Elifaz were Teman, Omar, Tzefo, and Ga'tam, and Qenaz."
      },{
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:12",
        "text": "And Timna was concubine to Elifaz the son of Esav; and she bore to Elifaz Amaleq. These are the sons of Adah the wife of Esav."
      },{
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:13",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Re'u'el: Nachat, and Zerach, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the sons of Basemat, Esav's wife."
      },{
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:14",
        "text": "And these were the sons of Oholivamah the daughter of Anah, the daughter of Tziv'on, Esav's wife: and she bore to Esav Ye'ush, and Ya'lam, and Qorach."
      },{
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:15",
        "text": "These are the chiefs of the sons of Esav: the sons of Elifaz the firstborn of Esav: chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Tzefo, chief Qenaz,"
      },{
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:16",
        "text": "chief Qorach, chief Ga'tam, chief Amaleq. These are the chiefs that came of Elifaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah."
      },{
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:17",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Re'u'el, Esav's son: chief Nachat, chief Zerach, chief Shammah, chief Mizzah. These are the chiefs that came of Re'u'el in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Basemat, Esav's wife."
      },{
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:18",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Oholivamah, Esav's wife: chief Ye'ush, chief Ya'lam, chief Qorach. These are the chiefs that came of Oholivamah the daughter of Anah, Esav's wife."
      },{
        "n": 19,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:19",
        "text": "These are the sons of Esav, and these are their chiefs: the same is Edom."
      },{
        "n": 20,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:20",
        "text": "These are the sons of Se'ir the Chori, the inhabitants of the land: Lotan, and Shoval, and Tziv'on, and Anah,"
      },{
        "n": 21,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:21",
        "text": "and Dishon, and Etzer, and Dishan. These are the chiefs that came of the Chorim, the sons of Se'ir in the land of Edom."
      },{
        "n": 22,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:22",
        "text": "And the sons of Lotan were Chori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna."
      },{
        "n": 23,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:23",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Shoval: Alvan, and Manachat, and Eival, Shefo, and Onam."
      },{
        "n": 24,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:24",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Tziv'on: Ayyah, and Anah; this is Anah who found the hot springs in the wilderness, as he fed the donkeys of Tziv'on his father."
      },{
        "n": 25,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:25",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Anah: Dishon, and Oholivamah the daughter of Anah."
      },{
        "n": 26,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:26",
        "text": "And these are the sons of Dishon: Chemdan, and Eshban, and Yitran, and Keran."
      },{
        "n": 27,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:27",
        "text": "These are the sons of Etzer: Bilhan, and Za'avan, and Aqan."
      },{
        "n": 28,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:28",
        "text": "These are the sons of Dishan: Utz, and Aran."
      },{
        "n": 29,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:29",
        "text": "These are the chiefs that came of the Chorim: chief Lotan, chief Shoval, chief Tziv'on, chief Anah,"
      },{
        "n": 30,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:30",
        "text": "chief Dishon, chief Etzer, chief Dishan. These are the chiefs that came of the Chorim, according to their chiefs in the land of Se'ir."
      },{
        "n": 31,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:31",
        "text": "And these are the kings that reigned in the land of Edom, before any king reigned over the children of Yisra'el."
      },{
        "n": 32,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:32",
        "text": "And Bela the son of Be'or reigned in Edom; and the name of his city was Dinhavah."
      },{
        "n": 33,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:33",
        "text": "And Bela died, and Yovav the son of Zerach of Botzrah reigned in his stead."
      },{
        "n": 34,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:34",
        "text": "And Yovav died, and Chusham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead."
      },{
        "n": 35,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:35",
        "text": "And Chusham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who struck Midyan in the field of Mo'av, reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Avit."
      },{
        "n": 36,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:36",
        "text": "And Hadad died, and Samlah of Masreqah reigned in his stead."
      },{
        "n": 37,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:37",
        "text": "And Samlah died, and Sha'ul of Rechovot by the river reigned in his stead."
      },{
        "n": 38,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:38",
        "text": "And Sha'ul died, and Ba'al-Chanan the son of Akhbor reigned in his stead."
      },{
        "n": 39,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:39",
        "text": "And Ba'al-Chanan the son of Akhbor died, and Hadar reigned in his stead; and the name of his city was Pa'u; and his wife's name was Meheitav'el, the daughter of Matred, the daughter of Mei-Zahav."
      },{
        "n": 40,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:40",
        "text": "And these are the names of the chiefs that came of Esav, according to their families, after their places, by their names: chief Timna, chief Alvah, chief Yetet,"
      },{
        "n": 41,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:41",
        "text": "chief Oholivamah, chief Elah, chief Pinon,"
      },{
        "n": 42,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:42",
        "text": "chief Qenaz, chief Teman, chief Mivtzar,"
      },{
        "n": 43,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-36:43",
        "text": "chief Magdi'el, chief Iram. These are the chiefs of Edom, according to their dwelling-places in the land of their possession. This is Esav, the father of Edom."
      }
    ]
  },
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/36",
    "book": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/",
    "chapters": "/v1/library/books/genesis-woh/chapters/",
    "library": "/v1/library/",
    "schema": "/v1/schema/book/"
  }
}