{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "genesis-woh",
    "chapter": 40
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 40,
    "bookSlug": "genesis-woh",
    "bookCode": "GEN-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Genesis 40 — The dreams of the cupbearer and the baker in the prison",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Genesis.40","glossaryVersion":"2.39.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.8.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-7 (translator)"],"editor":"claude-opus-4-7 (editor)","reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-7 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:1","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. mashqeh; BDB p. 1052","Sarna, JPS Genesis (1989) p. 276"],"reasoning":"Source re-parsed: chate'u mashqeh melekh-Mitsrayim ve-ha-ofeh. ASV-baseline 'butler'/'baker' is sound; mashqeh as participial 'one-who-gives-drink'/cupbearer is lexically secure and the modern-version 'cupbearer' is correctly relegated to apparatus."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:2","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 710 (saris); Speiser, AB Genesis (1964) p. 306"],"reasoning":"shenei sarisav ... sar ha-mashqim ... sar ha-ofim re-parsed and matches. 'officers' for sarisim (court-official sense) and the sar ha-X title-pattern are correctly governed by existing/new entries; no surface divergence requiring further defense."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:3","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 37-50 (1986) pp. 73-74"],"reasoning":"be-mishmar beit sar ha-tabbachim el-beit ha-sohar re-parsed; ASV 'captain of the guard'/'prison' stand. Both central entries' appliesTo extensions to Gen 40 are scope-only over already-decided lemmas."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"va-yifqod ... va-yesharet otam re-parsed; uncontested ASV-baseline rendering ('charged'/'ministered'/'season in ward'). No divergence; commentary not required."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:5","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. pitron; BDB p. 837","Husser, Dreams and Dream Narratives in the Biblical World (1999)"],"reasoning":"ish ke-fitron chalomo re-parsed. ASV 'interpretation' is the dominant rendering. The new pitron entry correctly separates the symbolic-puzzle dream from the divine-dream-communication-formula (Gen 20:3, 31:24), which is rightly NOT applied here."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:6","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. za'af; BDB p. 277","Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 18-50 (1995) p. 479"],"reasoning":"ve-hinnam zo'afim re-parsed. ASV 'sad' is defensible for the dejection reading; the za'af vexation register (2 Chr 16:10; Jonah 1:15) is honestly recorded as the crux in the overlay entry without forcing the surface."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:7","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 710 (saris)"],"reasoning":"seris(ei) Par'oh ... penekhem ra'im ha-yom re-parsed. 'officers' continues the saris court-official sense; scope-extension sound."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:8","status":"approve","citations":["von Rad, Genesis OTL (1972) pp. 365-367; Westermann, Genesis 37-50 (1986) pp. 60-63","Friedman, The Bible with Sources Revealed (2003) ad loc."],"reasoning":"u-foter ein oto ... ha-lo le-Elohim pitronim re-parsed. Elohim rendered as the MT has it, no harmonization. The divine-name observation is correctly a scope-extension of the Gen 39 cycle-entry: v8 is the cycle's unmarked Elohim-default reasserting itself outside the Gen 39 YHWH-frame (paralleling Gen 39:9), not a marked echo warranting a sibling. Rationale cites only named documentary scholarship; no WoH synthesis on dreams or divine names."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:9","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"va-yesapper sar ha-mashqim ... ve-hinneh-gefen le-fanai re-parsed; uncontested ASV-baseline. Title governed by central entry."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:10","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"u-va-gefen sheloshah sarigim ... re-parsed; uncontested ASV rendering of the budding-vine vision. No divergence."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:11","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"ve-khos Par'oh be-yadi ... va-eskhat otam re-parsed; uncontested ASV ('pressed them into Pharaoh's cup'). No divergence."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:12","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. pitron"],"reasoning":"zeh pitrono: sheloshet ha-sarigim sheloshet yamim hem re-parsed. ASV 'this is the interpretation' sound; pitron entry applies."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:13","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. nasa (nasa rosh idiom); BDB p. 670","Sarna, JPS Genesis (1989) p. 278"],"reasoning":"yissa Par'oh et-roshekha re-parsed: the favorable nasa rosh idiom (restore to office), with 2 Kgs 25:27=Jer 52:31 (Jehoiachin release) as the close parallel cited in the entry. Uniform 'lift up thy head' rendering is the correct ASV-baseline choice that preserves the chapter's pun."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:14","status":"approve","citations":["Sakenfeld, The Meaning of Hesed in the Hebrew Bible (1978)"],"reasoning":"ve-asita-na imadi chesed re-parsed; solitary chesed rendered ASV 'kindness'. chesed entry's appliesTo extension is scope-only (rationale already named v14); the zekhartani/hizkartani setup for v23 is correctly noted."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:15","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 92 (bor); Hamilton, NICOT Genesis 18-50 (1995) ad loc."],"reasoning":"gunnov gunnavti me-eretz ha-Ivrim ... samu oti ba-bor re-parsed. ASV 'dungeon' for bor (same lemma rendered 'pit' at Gen 37) is correct; the deliberate verbal echo is well-documented. bor appliesTo extension and ha-ivri refId normalization are scope-only."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:16","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. chori (registering the uncertainty); BDB p. 360","Westermann, Genesis 37-50 (1986) p. 75"],"reasoning":"sheloshah sallei chori al-roshi re-parsed. chori is a true hapax; ASV 'baskets of white bread' (chur 'white' reading) is the traditional rendering, with the wicker/openwork (chor 'hole') alternative correctly recorded but not adjudicated."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:17","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"u-va-sal ha-elyon ... ve-ha-of okhel otam re-parsed; uncontested ASV ('baked food'/'birds did eat'). No divergence."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:18","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. pitron"],"reasoning":"zeh pitrono: sheloshet ha-sallim sheloshet yamim hem re-parsed. ASV 'interpretation' sound; pitron entry applies."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:19","status":"approve","citations":["Sarna, JPS Genesis (1989) p. 278 (the v13/v19 pun); Alter, Five Books of Moses (2004) p. 228"],"reasoning":"yissa Par'oh et-roshekha me-alekha ... ve-talah otkha al-etz re-parsed. The me-alekha ('from off thee') weaponizes the same idiom into decapitation; the uniform 'lift up thy head' surface is essential to preserve the Hebrew pun, exactly as the entry argues."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:20","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. nasa (nasa rosh idiom)"],"reasoning":"va-yissa et-rosh sar ha-mashqim ve-et-rosh sar ha-ofim re-parsed. The narrator's single neutral idiom of both men is the keystone of the pun, resolving oppositely at vv21-22; uniform rendering correctly retained."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:21","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"va-yashev et-sar ha-mashqim al-mashqehu re-parsed; uncontested ASV ('restored ... unto his butlership'). Title governed by central entry."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:22","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. patar"],"reasoning":"ve-et sar ha-ofim talah ka'asher patar lahem Yosef re-parsed. ASV 'hanged'/'interpreted' sound; the verb p-t-r governed by pitron entry, validating Yosef's v8 claim."},{"refId":"GEN-WOH-40:23","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 269 (zakhar), p. 1013 (shakhach)"],"reasoning":"ve-lo zakhar sar ha-mashqim ... va-yishkachehu re-parsed. The zakhar/shakhach doublet is preserved on the ASV surface ('remember'/'forgat'); correctly handled as a Gen-41 setup literary note in commentary without a glossary entry."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"sar-ha-mashqim-sar-ha-ofim-chief-cupbearer-baker","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. mashqeh and afah; BDB pp. 1052, 66","Neh 1:11 (mashqeh la-melekh); 1 Kgs 10:5 = 2 Chr 9:4","Vergote, Joseph en Egypte (1959); Redford, A Study of the Biblical Story of Joseph (VTSup 20, 1970)"],"reasoning":"inferred confirmed. mashqeh (cupbearer) is lexically secure and reaches cross-corpus (Neh 1:11; 1 Kgs 10:5), justifying central housing parallel to sar-ha-tabbachim. Housing the cupbearer/baker pair as ONE combined office-title doublet entry is sound: they are a single sar ha-X pattern, narratively inseparable, and splitting would fragment the literary doublet. ASV-baseline 'chief butler'/'chief baker' on surface; no lens leakage."},{"glossary_id":"pitron-dream-interpretation-yosef-cycle","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. pitron and patar; BDB p. 837","Oppenheim, The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East (1956); Husser, Dreams and Dream Narratives in the Biblical World (1999)"],"reasoning":"inferred confirmed, NOT speculative. The noun pitron is genuinely near-exclusive to Gen 40-41 (40:5,8,12,18; 41:11) and the p-sh-r/Daniel cognate is a real comparative datum. Crucially the rationale keeps dream-interpretation as the cycle's literary theology and is correctly DISTINCT from divine-dream-communication-formula; it does NOT spin dreams into alien-contact or any WoH synthesis. This is the chapter's primary lens-risk site and it is clean."},{"glossary_id":"nasa-rosh-lift-up-the-head-idiom","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. nasa (nasa rosh idiom); BDB p. 670","2 Kgs 25:27 = Jer 52:31 (Jehoiachin release); census-formula Exod 30:12, Num 1:2","Sarna, JPS Genesis (1989) p. 278; Alter, Five Books of Moses (2004) p. 228"],"reasoning":"inferred confirmed. The idiom and its dark reversal (v13 restoration / v19 decapitation / v20 neutral at the feast) are accurately captured; the cross-corpus range (census se'u et-rosh; 2 Kgs 25:27 release) is documented. The uniform ASV rendering across vv13/19/20 correctly preserves the pun in English — the right call over differentiated rendering."},{"glossary_id":"zoafim-troubled-faces-cupbearer-baker-gen40","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. za'af; BDB p. 277","2 Chr 16:10; 26:19; Jonah 1:15; Mic 7:9"],"reasoning":"inferred confirmed (overlay). The vexation-vs-dejection ambiguity is real and honestly recorded; ASV 'sad' is defensible for the dejection reading. Chapter-singular in the active corpus, so overlay housing is correct. No adjudication beyond noting the crux; no lens leakage."},{"glossary_id":"sallei-chori-baskets-of-white-bread-hapax-gen40","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. chori (registering the uncertainty); BDB p. 360","Wevers, Notes on the Greek Text of Genesis (SBLSCS 35, 1993) ad loc. (LXX witness)"],"reasoning":"inferred confirmed (overlay). chori is a genuine hapax; the entry documents the white-bread (chur) / white-baskets / wicker-openwork (chor) readings WITHOUT over-adjudicating, retaining ASV 'white bread'. Hapax = zero cross-corpus reach, so overlay is correct. Report-don't-adjudicate posture honored."},{"glossary_id":"yosef-cycle-divine-name-alternation-yhwh-elohim","status":"approve","citations":["von Rad, Genesis OTL (1972) pp. 365-367; Westermann, Genesis 37-50 (1986) pp. 60-63","Friedman, The Bible with Sources Revealed (2003) ad loc."],"reasoning":"appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:8 verified as a sound scope-extension, NOT a new sibling. The Editor's judgment is correct: v8's Elohim is the cycle's UNMARKED default reasserting itself outside the Gen 39 YHWH-frame (paralleling Gen 39:9), so it confirms the same observation rather than echoing a marked feature (the sibling-doublet criterion). Rationale addendum cites only named documentary-critical scholarship; no WoH synthesis on divine names or dreams imported. Lens-clean."},{"glossary_id":"saris-court-official-eunuch-ambiguity","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 710 (saris)"],"reasoning":"Scope-only appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:2, 40:7. Same court-official sense, same rendering ('officers'); rationale unchanged. No decision change."},{"glossary_id":"sar-ha-tabbachim-captain-of-the-guard","status":"approve","citations":["Westermann, Genesis 37-50 (1986) pp. 73-74"],"reasoning":"Scope-only appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:3, 40:4. Same title, same ASV 'captain of the guard'. No decision change."},{"glossary_id":"beit-ha-sohar-prison-round-house","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. sohar; Sarna, JPS Genesis (1989) ad loc."],"reasoning":"Scope-only appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:3, 40:5. Same prison of Gen 39, same ASV 'prison'. The bor/beit-ha-sohar relationship (synonym-by-extension vs pit-within-prison) is coherently documented across the two entries. No decision change."},{"glossary_id":"bor-pit-cistern-dry-water-shaft","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 92 (bor)"],"reasoning":"Scope-only appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:15; verified the entry's rationale already named Gen 40:15, confirming a genuine scope-formalization. ASV 'dungeon' (same lemma as Gen 37 'pit') retained; the deliberate retrospective echo is sound. No decision change."},{"glossary_id":"chesed-solitary-covenant-kindness","status":"approve","citations":["Sakenfeld, The Meaning of Hesed in the Hebrew Bible (1978); Glueck, Hesed in the Bible (ET 1967)"],"reasoning":"Scope-only appliesTo += GEN-WOH-40:14; verified the rationale already named v14. ASV 'kindness' retained. Second solitary-chesed occurrence after Gen 39:21. No decision change."},{"glossary_id":"ha-ivri-hebrew-etymology","status":"approve","citations":["BDB p. 720 (Ivri); de Vaux, Early History of Israel (ET 1978) on habiru"],"reasoning":"refId-normalization only: GEN-40:15 -> GEN-WOH-40:15, consistent with the Gen 39 normalization precedent. Verified no bare GEN-40 ref remains for this entry; other legacy refs (Gen 14:13, 41:12, 43:32) correctly left untouched (no corpus-wide sweep). No rationale/decision change."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:1",
        "text": "And it came to pass after these things, that the butler of the king of Mitsrayim and his baker offended their lord the king of Mitsrayim."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:2",
        "text": "And Pharaoh was wroth against his two officers, against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers."
      },{
        "n": 3,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:3",
        "text": "And he put them in ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Yosef was bound."
      },{
        "n": 4,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:4",
        "text": "And the captain of the guard charged Yosef with them, and he ministered unto them: and they continued a season in ward."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:5",
        "text": "And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream, in one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker of the king of Mitsrayim, who were bound in the prison."
      },{
        "n": 6,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:6",
        "text": "And Yosef came in unto them in the morning, and saw them, and, behold, they were sad."
      },{
        "n": 7,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:7",
        "text": "And he asked Pharaoh's officers that were with him in ward in his master's house, saying, Wherefore look ye so sad to-day?"
      },{
        "n": 8,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:8",
        "text": "And they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream, and there is none that can interpret it. And Yosef said unto them, Do not interpretations belong to Elohim? tell it me, I pray you."
      },{
        "n": 9,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:9",
        "text": "And the chief butler told his dream to Yosef, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was before me;"
      },{
        "n": 10,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:10",
        "text": "and in the vine were three branches: and it was as though it budded, and its blossoms shot forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe grapes:"
      },{
        "n": 11,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:11",
        "text": "and Pharaoh's cup was in my hand; and I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand."
      },{
        "n": 12,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:12",
        "text": "And Yosef said unto him, This is the interpretation of it: the three branches are three days;"
      },{
        "n": 13,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:13",
        "text": "within yet three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head, and restore thee unto thine office: and thou shalt give Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his butler."
      },{
        "n": 14,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:14",
        "text": "But have me in thy remembrance when it shall be well with thee, and show kindness, I pray thee, unto me, and make mention of me unto Pharaoh, and bring me out of this house:"
      },{
        "n": 15,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:15",
        "text": "for indeed I was stolen away out of the land of the Ivrim: and here also have I done nothing that they should put me into the dungeon."
      },{
        "n": 16,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:16",
        "text": "When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Yosef, I also was in my dream, and, behold, three baskets of white bread were on my head:"
      },{
        "n": 17,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:17",
        "text": "and in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of baked food for Pharaoh; and the birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head."
      },{
        "n": 18,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:18",
        "text": "And Yosef answered and said, This is the interpretation thereof: the three baskets are three days;"
      },{
        "n": 19,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:19",
        "text": "within yet three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee."
      },{
        "n": 20,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:20",
        "text": "And it came to pass the third day, which was Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head of the chief butler and the head of the chief baker among his servants."
      },{
        "n": 21,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:21",
        "text": "And he restored the chief butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand:"
      },{
        "n": 22,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:22",
        "text": "but he hanged the chief baker: as Yosef had interpreted to them."
      },{
        "n": 23,
        "refId": "GEN-WOH-40:23",
        "text": "Yet did not the chief butler remember Yosef, but forgat him."
      }
    ]
  },
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}