{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Chapter",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-11-01T16:21:41Z",
    "language": "en",
    "book": "isaiah-woh",
    "chapter": 6
  },
  "data": {
    "n": 6,
    "bookSlug": "isaiah-woh",
    "bookCode": "ISA-WOH",
    "refId": "",
    "title": "Isaiah 6 — The throne-room vision and the prophet's commission",
    "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Tanach with Ta'amei Hamikra (Westminster Leningrad)","sourceLicense":"Public Domain","sourceUrl":"http://www.tanach.us/Tanach.xml","sourceAccessedVia":"sefaria.org/api/v3/texts/Isaiah.6","glossaryVersion":"2.71.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.0.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-4-8"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-07-31T09:11:27Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-4-8 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"ISA-6:1","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (Continental, 1991) on 6:1","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018) on 6:1"],"reasoning":"Re-parsed MT reads the consonantal אֶת־אֲדֹנָי (Adonai, not the Tetragrammaton) and רָם וְנִשָּׂא agreeing with masc.sg. כִּסֵּא; 'the Lord... a throne, high and lifted up... the hem of his robe filled the temple' is the consensus construal (throne-attachment, not the independent Isa 57:15 God-attachment), and the YHWH/Adonai typographic distinction is a defensible textual-fidelity choice."},{"refId":"ISA-6:2","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:2","Joines, 'Winged Serpents in Isaiah's Inaugural Vision', JBL 86 (1967) 410-415"],"reasoning":"MT שְׂרָפִים transliterated 'seraphim'; the beings have face/feet/wings/voice and act as courtiers, so the 'fiery/flying serpents' reading (śārāp̄ of Num 21:6) is rightly declined for the throne-vision and confined to commentary — no serpent, craft, or sky-attendant reading surfaced in the line."},{"refId":"ISA-6:3","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:3","Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:3"],"reasoning":"Threefold קָדוֹשׁ preserved as 'Holy, holy, holy' (not collapsed to an intensive superlative); 'YHWH of hosts' and 'his glory' hold the standard surface with the ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ/kᵉḇôḏô lens confined to commentary; the literal word-order 'the fullness of the whole earth is his glory' (kᵉḇôḏô as predicate) is a defensible construal of מְלֹא כָל־הָאָרֶץ כְּבוֹדוֹ alongside the smoother 'the whole earth is full of his glory.'"},{"refId":"ISA-6:4","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. סַף / אַמָּה (structural, not 'cubit')"],"reasoning":"MT re-parsed; 'the foundations of the thresholds' (JPS) for אַמּוֹת הַסִּפִּים and the durative 'kept filling' for the yiqtol יִמָּלֵא are accurate; a lens-free scene-setting verse."},{"refId":"ISA-6:5","status":"approve","citations":["BDB s.v. דמה II 'be cut off, ruined'; HALOT s.v. דמה","Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:5"],"reasoning":"נִדְמֵיתִי is a genuine root-crux (dmh 'be cut off/ruined' vs dmm 'be silenced'); 'I am undone' follows the majority reading grounded by the following seeing-the-deity clause (Exod 33:20; Judg 13:22), with the dmm minority flagged in commentary; 'the King, YHWH of hosts' holds the standard titles."},{"refId":"ISA-6:6","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. רִצְפָּה (live coal / hot stone; cf. 1 Kgs 19:6 רְצָפִים)"],"reasoning":"MT re-parsed; 'one of the seraphim flew to me... a glowing coal... taken with tongs from the altar' is accurate; 'glowing coal' is a defensible equivalent of the standard 'live coal'; seraphim transliterated, no lens."},{"refId":"ISA-6:7","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. כפר (priestly 'wipe/cover/expiate')"],"reasoning":"MT re-parsed; the two purgation-verbs סָר / תְּכֻפָּר (Pual of kpr) rendered 'removed / atoned for' is the standard priestly vocabulary; lens-free."},{"refId":"ISA-6:8","status":"approve","citations":["Mullen, The Divine Council in Canaanite and Early Hebrew Literature (HSM 24, 1980)","Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973)","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018) on 6:8"],"reasoning":"The chapter's sharpest lens site: the line preserves both numbers literally — singular אֶשְׁלַח and 1cp לָנוּ ('who will go for us?') — WITHOUT resolving the plural or importing the council/Council of Eternals; ʾăḏōnāy rendered 'the Lord.' The 1cp is a direct grammatical datum, handled correctly in the text; the council-reading commit is addressed in glossaryReview (central entry flagged for human)."},{"refId":"ISA-6:9","status":"approve","citations":["Gesenius-Kautzsch-Cowley §113l-r (inf. abs. with finite verb)","Joue-Muraoka §123 (figura etymologica)"],"reasoning":"The doubled-intensive constructions שִׁמְעוּ שָׁמוֹעַ / וּרְאוּ רָאוֹ (imperative + infinitive absolute) rendered 'hear indeed / see indeed,' governed by the central harbah-arbeh-doubled-infinitive-intensive entry (which already lists ISA-6:9); accurate and lens-free."},{"refId":"ISA-6:10","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:9-10","Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:9-10","NT reception: Matt 13:14-15; Acts 28:26-27 (following the LXX resultative recast)"],"reasoning":"The three Hiphil imperatives הַשְׁמֵן / הַכְבֵּד / הָשַׁע are kept at face value (what the Hebrew actually says) rather than softened to the ironic/resultative construal or the LXX/NT resultative recast, which are honestly disclosed in commentary; accurate and lens-free."},{"refId":"ISA-6:11","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:11"],"reasoning":"MT re-parsed; 'How long, O Lord?' (ʾăḏōnāy) and the desolation-oracle (cities without inhabitant / land laid waste) rendered accurately; lens-free."},{"refId":"ISA-6:12","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. רחק (Piel 'remove far') / עֲזוּבָה"],"reasoning":"MT re-parsed; וְרִחַק יְהוָה אֶת־הָאָדָם 'YHWH has driven the people far away' and הָעֲזוּבָה 'forsakenness' are accurate; YHWH house-style; lens-free."},{"refId":"ISA-6:13","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:13","Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:13","LXX / BHS apparatus: minus of זֶרַע קֹדֶשׁ מַצַּבְתָּהּ in the Old Greek"],"reasoning":"MT retained and rendered accurately (terebinth/oak stump; 'the holy seed is its stump'); the well-known LXX-minus of the closing clause is disclosed as a text-critical datum and not acted on, and the remnant/holy-seed theology is confined to commentary — correct MT-translation discipline."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"title-and-meta-conventions-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["MT of Isaiah 6 (independent re-parse: YHWH at 6:3/6:5/6:12; Adonai at 6:1/6:8/6:11)","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: a house-style meta-entry recording a textual fact — the MT genuinely alternates the Tetragrammaton and bare אֲדֹנָי across the chapter; no lens carried in the title or name-conventions."},{"glossary_id":"adonai-standalone-title-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB H136 s.v. אֲדֹנָי","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: consonantal MT reads אֲדֹנָי at 6:1/6:8/6:11 (verified); 'the Lord' is the ASV/JPS/NRSV standard and the 'masked/original YHWH' emendation is rightly declined under accuracy-before-lens."},{"glossary_id":"throne-ram-venissa-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991)","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: רָם וְנִשָּׂא immediately follows and agrees with masc.sg. כִּסֵּא (throne-attachment) = ASV/JPS/consensus; the Isa 57:15 God-attachment is a separate construction and correctly left to the sense-commentary."},{"glossary_id":"shulayw-hem-train-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. שׁוּל (hem, skirt, train)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: שׁוּל denotes the lower hem/skirt/train; 'the hem of his robe' (NRSV) with 'train' (JPS/ASV) recorded as an equivalent; no divergence from the standard sense."},{"glossary_id":"heikhal-temple-palace-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. הֵיכָל (temple; palace; loan via Akk. ekallu < Sum. e-gal)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: 'the temple' is required by the altar of v6 and the Uzziah setting; the genuine palace/audience-hall register is correctly kept in commentary rather than surfaced by rendering 'palace.'"},{"glossary_id":"seraphim-burning-ones-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. שָׂרָף; root שׂרף 'to burn'","Joines, JBL 86 (1967) 410-415"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: transliteration 'seraphim' (ASV/JPS/NRSV) is standard; the 'burning ones' etymology and the uraeus/serpent iconographic prehistory are correctly reserved to commentary, and 'fiery serpents' is declined for the throne-vision — no lens in the line."},{"glossary_id":"yhwh-tzevaot-hosts-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["Mullen, The Divine Council (HSM 24, 1980)","Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: 'YHWH of hosts' keeps the fixed epithet; the heavenly-host/divine-assembly reading of ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ (Mullen, Cross) is correctly stated in commentary rather than by re-rendering the frozen title."},{"glossary_id":"kevodo-kavod-suffixed-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. כָּבוֹד (root kbd 'be heavy'; radiant presence-manifestation)","Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:3"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: suffixed כְּבוֹדוֹ 'his glory' is grammatically distinct from the Ezekiel construct כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה, so a separate entry is right; the physical-presence kavod register is confined to commentary; surface is standard."},{"glossary_id":"ammot-sippim-thresholds-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. סַף (threshold, sill) and אַמָּה (structural member, not 'cubit')"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: אַמָּה here is the structural pivot/foundation and סַף the threshold; 'the foundations of the thresholds' (JPS) is the most transparent value with 'posts of the door' recorded as an equivalent; lens-free."},{"glossary_id":"nidmeti-undone-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. דמה (be cut off/ruined) vs דמם (be silent)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: 'I am undone' is the majority reading (ASV; NRSV/NJPS 'I am lost'), grounded by the seeing-the-deity clause; the dmm 'struck dumb' minority is honestly flagged as a live alternative in commentary."},{"glossary_id":"ha-melekh-divine-title-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:5","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018) on 6:5"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: הַמֶּלֶךְ stands in apposition to יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת as object of רָאוּ עֵינָי; 'the King' is standard, and the theophany-danger of seeing the deity is left to commentary."},{"glossary_id":"ritzpah-live-coal-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. רִצְפָּה (glowing stone / live coal; cf. 1 Kgs 19:6)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: 'glowing coal' for רִצְפָּה is the standard sense (ASV/JPS 'live coal'), taken with tongs because too hot to hold; the lip-purification is developed in commentary; no divergence."},{"glossary_id":"kupar-atonement-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["HALOT s.v. כפר (Pual 'be atoned/expiated/purged')"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: סָר / תְּכֻפָּר rendered 'removed / atoned for' is the standard priestly kpr vocabulary; 'purged/expiated' recorded as equivalents; no divergence."},{"glossary_id":"hashmen-hardening-commission-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:9-10","Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:9-10"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: the three Hiphil imperatives are what the Hebrew says and are kept at face value; the ironic/resultative construals and the LXX/Targum/NT softenings are correctly disclosed in commentary, not imposed; no lens."},{"glossary_id":"levaer-massevet-stump-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["BDB / HALOT s.v. בער (burn/consume) and מַצֶּבֶת (stump/stock of a felled tree)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: לְבָעֵר 'for burning' and מַצֶּבֶת 'stump' of the felled terebinth/oak follow the standard felled-tree image (ASV/NRSV/NJPS); lexical, lens-free."},{"glossary_id":"zera-qodesh-holy-seed-isaiah","status":"approve","citations":["Wildberger, Isaiah 1-12 (1991) on 6:13","Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:13","LXX Isa 6:13 (minus of the closing clause)"],"reasoning":"Direct confirmed: the MT clause זֶרַע קֹדֶשׁ מַצַּבְתָּהּ is retained and rendered standardly; the LXX-minus is disclosed as a text-critical datum for the reader's audit and the remnant theology is confined to commentary — correct MT-translation discipline."},{"glossary_id":"trisagion-rev-4-8-isa-6-3-sanctus-liturgical-tradition-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":["Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 1-39 (AB 19, 2000) on 6:3","Aune, Revelation 1-5 (WBC 52A, 1997) 308-310 on Rev 4:8"],"reasoning":"appliesTo +ISA-6:3 approved: Isa 6:3 is the OT source-text of the Trisagion (→ Rev 4:8 → Sanctus/Kedushah) and the entry already documents it at length; the threefold 'Holy, holy, holy' surface is direct/standard, and the entry's own lens-discipline explicitly acknowledges-without-endorsing the Raelian 'Trisagion as Elohim-craft' reading — proper apparatus-only lens containment."},{"glossary_id":"hineni-prophetic-response-formula","status":"approve","citations":["BDB H2009 s.v. הִנֵּה + 1cs suffix","Habel, 'The Form and Significance of the Call Narratives', ZAW 77 (1965) 297-323"],"reasoning":"appliesTo +ISA-6:8 approved: הִנְנִי שְׁלָחֵנִי 'Here am I; send me' is the canonical prophetic-response formula the entry governs (its rationale already treats Isa 6:8 as the classic prophetic-vocational instance); 'Here am I' (ASV) is standard; direct is correct."},{"glossary_id":"divine-council-first-person-plural-isa-6-8-heavenly-assembly-cross-corpus","status":"flag-for-human","citations":["Mullen, The Divine Council in Canaanite and Early Hebrew Literature (HSM 24, 1980)","Cross, Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (1973)","Williamson, ICC Isaiah 6-12 (2018) on 6:8"],"reasoning":"I CONFIRM the direct/inferred split is drawn correctly and do NOT downgrade/veto: the entry commits only the literal 1cp plural ('for us') to `direct` in literal/standardEnglish/wohChoice and in the translated line, while the divine-council -> Council-of-Eternals reading is explicitly labelled INFERRED and confined to the rationale — it does not smuggle the council reading into direct territory. I flag-for-human ONLY because this is a NEW permanent central cross-corpus entry that seeds the Council-of-Eternals development into the shared glossary at a new book's opening; per hard rule 7 and the Editor's own explicit escalation, committing that novel claim-type/project-stance entry warrants human ratification. The cited divine-council authorities are real and correctly attributed to the 1cp reading."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[]}},
    "segments": [],
    "lines": [],
    "paragraphs": [{
        "n": 1,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:1",
        "text": "In the year of King Uzziah's death, I saw the Lord seated upon a throne, high and lifted up, and the hem of his robe filled the temple."
      },{
        "n": 2,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:2",
        "text": "Seraphim were standing above him; each had six wings — with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew."
      },{
        "n": 3,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:3",
        "text": "And one called to another and said: “Holy, holy, holy is YHWH of hosts; the fullness of the whole earth is his glory.”"
      },{
        "n": 4,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:4",
        "text": "And the foundations of the thresholds shook at the voice of the one who called, and the house kept filling with smoke."
      },{
        "n": 5,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:5",
        "text": "And I said: “Woe is me, for I am undone! For I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips — for my eyes have seen the King, YHWH of hosts.”"
      },{
        "n": 6,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:6",
        "text": "Then one of the seraphim flew to me, and in his hand was a glowing coal that he had taken with tongs from upon the altar."
      },{
        "n": 7,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:7",
        "text": "He touched it to my mouth and said: “Behold, this has touched your lips; your iniquity is removed, and your sin is atoned for.”"
      },{
        "n": 8,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:8",
        "text": "And I heard the voice of the Lord saying: “Whom shall I send, and who will go for us?” And I said: “Here am I; send me.”"
      },{
        "n": 9,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:9",
        "text": "And he said: “Go, and say to this people: Hear indeed, but do not understand; and see indeed, but do not perceive."
      },{
        "n": 10,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:10",
        "text": "Make the heart of this people fat, make its ears heavy, and smear over its eyes — lest it see with its eyes, and hear with its ears, and its heart understand, and it turn back and be healed.”"
      },{
        "n": 11,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:11",
        "text": "And I said: “How long, O Lord?” And he said: “Until cities lie in ruins with no inhabitant, and houses with no one in them, and the ground is laid waste, a desolation;"
      },{
        "n": 12,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:12",
        "text": "and YHWH has driven the people far away, and great is the forsakenness in the midst of the land."
      },{
        "n": 13,
        
        
        
        
        
        "refId": "ISA-6:13",
        "text": "And though a tenth yet remains in it, it too shall again be for burning — like the terebinth and like the oak, whose stump remains in them when they are felled; the holy seed is its stump.”"
      }
    ]
  },
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