{ "apiVersion": "v1", "kind": "Chapter", "metadata": { "generated": "2026-11-02T09:34:54Z", "language": "en", "book": "revelation-woh", "chapter": 12 }, "data": { "n": 12, "bookSlug": "revelation-woh", "bookCode": "REV-WOH", "refId": "", "title": "Revelation 12 — The woman clothed with the sun + the dragon cast down", "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Koine Greek New Testament — SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT), ed. Michael W. Holmes (Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010), printed text with the variant-marker sigla removed. Primary uncial witnesses for Revelation: Codex Sinaiticus (א/01) and Codex Alexandrinus (A/02), with Ephraemi Rescriptus (C/04) and P47/P115 where extant; Codex Vaticanus (B/03) does not contain Revelation in its original hand. Variants against NA28 and the Byzantine/Textus Receptus tradition are reported in the verse commentary (overlay convention sblgnt-base-text-variant-reporting-convention-revelation).","sourceLicense":"CC BY 4.0 (SBLGNT, Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software)","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT (data/sblgnt/text/Rev.txt)","sourceAccessedVia":"SBLGNT GitHub repository (LogosBible/SBLGNT), fetched 2026-11-01 into source-grc-12.json; reference translation ASV 1901 (hosted edition data-library/revelation/chapter-12.json), KJV for Textus Receptus comparison","verificationStatus":"editor pass complete (2026-11-01); Reviewer pass complete 2026-11-01 (reviewer-approved); pending founder sign-off; central glossary 2.81.0 pending application of wave-r2-central-diff.json","glossaryVersion":"2.81.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.2.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-5-5 (translator)","claude-opus-5-5 (editor)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-11-01T14:00:00Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-5-5 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-11-01T12:25:02Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:1","status":"approve","citations":["A. Yarbro Collins, The Combat Myth in the Book of Revelation (1976)"],"reasoning":"sēmeion mega ōphthē en tō ouranō, gynē peribeblēmenē ton hēlion ... stephanos asterōn dōdeka. Exact; identifications of the woman correctly kept out of the line."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:2","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"en gastri echousa; kai krazei ōdinousa kai basanizomenē tekein. Present kept; exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:3","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"drakōn megas pyrros, echōn kephalas hepta kai kerata deka kai epi tas kephalas autou hepta diadēmata. 'fiery red' matches 6:4; diadēma/stephanos distinction noted; Lôtanu central entry left as background."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"hē oura autou syrei (present) ... kai ebalen (aorist) ...; ho drakōn hestēken enōpion tēs gynaikos ... hina hotan tekē to teknon autēs kataphagē. Tense mix kept; exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:5","status":"approve","citations":["Ps 2:9 LXX (poimaneis autous en rhabdō sidēra)","BDAG s.v. poimainō"],"reasoning":"eteken huion, arsen (neuter solecism noted), hos mellei poimainein panta ta ethnē en rhabdō sidēra: 'rule' with the rod of iron (all versions) vs 'be their shepherd' at 7:17 is a defensible context split; hērpasthē 'was caught up'."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:6","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"ephygen eis tēn erēmon, hopou echei ekei topon hētoimasmenon apo tou theou, hina ekei trephōsin autēn hēmeras 1260. Indefinite plural and apo-agent noted. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:7","status":"approve","citations":["Aune, WBC 52B, ad loc."],"reasoning":"ho Michaēl kai hoi angeloi autou tou polemēsai meta tou drakontos: nominative + articular infinitive rendered 'fighting against'. Defensible and standard."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:8","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"kai ouk ischysen, oude topos heurethē autōn eti en tō ouranō. Singular verb (dragon) noted; exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:9","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.vv. diabolos, Satanas"],"reasoning":"ho drakōn ho megas, ho ophis ho archaios, ho kaloumenos Diabolos kai ho Satanas: after ho kaloumenos both function as names, so 'the Devil and Satan' (ASV) is correct; central ha-satan ('the adversary') correctly not applied to the Greek."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:10","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Arti egeneto hē sōtēria kai hē dynamis kai hē basileia tou theou hēmōn kai hē exousia tou christou autou ... ho katēgōr. 'power' (dynamis) vs 'authority' (exousia) kept distinct per overlay; 'his Christ' per central christos. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:11","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. psychē"],"reasoning":"enikēsan auton dia to haima tou arniou ... ouk ēgapēsan tēn psychēn autōn achri thanatou: 'by' for dia + acc. (ASV 'because of'), 'their life' (ASV). Defensible."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:12","status":"approve","citations":["SBLGNT (variant marker at tēn gēn kai tēn thalassan)","KJV Rev 12:12","LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:203-205)"],"reasoning":"euphrainesthe, hoi ouranoi kai hoi en autois skēnountes; ouai tēn gēn kai tēn thalassan ... ho diabolos ... oligon kairon echei. Exact; TR tois katoikousi correctly reported; 'the devil' lower case in running text as ASV. Reception note (Satan's last opportunity) verified; no leakage."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:13","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"hote eiden ho drakōn hoti eblēthē ... ediōxen tēn gynaika hētis eteken ton arsena. 'persecuted' (ASV) with 'pursue' sense noted. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:14","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"edothēsan tē gynaiki hai dyo pteryges tou aetou tou megalou ... kairon kai kairous kai hēmisy kairou apo prosōpou tou opheōs. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:15","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. potamophorētos"],"reasoning":"ebalen ho ophis ... opisō tēs gynaikos hydōr hōs potamon, hina autēn potamophorēton poiēsē. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:16","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"eboēthēsen hē gē tē gynaiki ... ēnoixen hē gē to stoma autēs kai katepien ton potamon. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:17","status":"approve","citations":["SBLGNT (no variant marker: Robinson-Pierpont also reads Iēsou alone)","KJV Rev 12:17"],"reasoning":"ōrgisthē ... apēlthen poiēsai polemon meta tōn loipōn tou spermatos autēs ... tēn martyrian Iēsou. Exact; TR Christou correctly attributed to the TR."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-12:18","status":"approve","citations":["Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (2nd ed. 1994), on Rev 12:18","ASV Rev 13:1"],"reasoning":"kai estathē epi tēn ammon tēs thalassēs: third person singular (P47, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus) against TR estathēn; SBLGNT/NA28 verse 12:18 retained. The ASV prints 'And he stood upon the sand of the sea' at the head of 13:1 (17 verses in ch. 12), as the note says. Defensible; the alignment follow-up is an orchestrator task."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"sblgnt-base-text-variant-reporting-convention-revelation","status":"revise","citations":["SBLGNT (Holmes 2010) variant markers at Rev 16:18 and 21:3, and their absence at 8:7, 10:4, 12:17, 16:7, 21:2","Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (2nd ed. 1994)","KJV Rev 8:7; 16:18; 21:3"],"reasoning":"claim_type direct is right: the entry declares which text is translated and how variants are reported. Three accuracy fixes. (1) The 8:7 omission is a Textus Receptus (minority) reading, not that of the Byzantine majority text, which the SBLGNT apparatus shows agreeing with SBLGNT; rephrase wherever 'Byzantine' is said there. (2) Add 21:3 'out of heaven' (TR ek tou ouranou, quoted by the canon's English) to the wohChoice list of KJV-wording variants, and 16:18 (NA28 singular anthrōpos egeneto; TR order 'voices, thunders, lightnings'). (3) Add REV-WOH-16:18's NA28 divergence to the 'NA28 bracketed or divergent readings reported' sentence. The decision itself stands."},{"glossary_id":"theos-god-rendering-against-canon-english-yahweh-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. theos","LXX usage: kyrios for the Tetragrammaton, theos for ʾĕlōhîm","LWTE ch. 2 (FR 'Dieu' at 9:13, 21:2-4)"],"reasoning":"Direct is correct: theos never renders the Tetragrammaton in the LXX or NT, the canon's French reads 'Dieu' at every site, and published chapters 1, 4, 6 use 'God'. The canon's English 'Yahweh'/'Elohim' is recorded in reception notes without entering the line."},{"glossary_id":"greek-nt-proper-names-and-hebrew-scoped-entries-convention-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.vv. diabolos, Satanas, Abaddōn, Harmagedōn","Aune, WBC 52B, ad loc. 12:9"],"reasoning":"Direct is correct for a presentation and scope convention. Recommendation (non-blocking): state the scope criterion explicitly. Hebrew-text central entries are applied to a Greek line when their English choice is also a correct rendering of the Greek lexeme (chayyot 'living creatures' at 7:11; gophrit 'sulfur' for theion). They are background only where applying them would import a Hebrew-specific form or sense (Yisra'el, 'the adversary', 'the deep'). Without that sentence the 7:11 chayyot ref and the gophrit extension look like exceptions to rule (4)."},{"glossary_id":"exousia-authority-power-rendering-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. exousia","RSV/NRSV Rev 9:3, 10, 19 ('power'); 13:2-12 ('authority')"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: BDAG separates the capability and jurisdiction senses, Revelation sets dynamis beside exousia at 13:2, and exousia epi + accusative is uniformly 'authority over' (6:8, 13:7, 16:9). The 16:9 line change follows the construction, not the lens."},{"glossary_id":"psyche-soul-life-living-being-rendering-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. psychē","HALOT s.v. nep̄eš","LXX Gen 1:20-21 (psychē zōsa)"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: at 8:9 and 16:3 the psychai are sea creatures, and psychē zōēs reproduces nep̄eš ḥayyâ. 'every living being' matches RSV/NRSV in sense. Non-blocking: the 16:3 TR variant zōsa (KJV 'every living soul') could be named in the rationale."},{"glossary_id":"skene-skenoo-tabernacle-dwell-rendering-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.vv. skēnē, skēnoō","Lev 26:11-12; Ezek 37:27"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: 'tabernacle' keeps the Lev 26/Ezek 37 allusion at 21:3, 'dwell' is universal for the verb, and the 7:15 ASV exception is grammatically motivated by epi + accusative."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:version-2.80.0-to-2.81.0","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"2.80.0 to 2.81.0 minor bump is correct: 12 appliesTo extensions, no wohChoice change. Every op was checked against 2.80.0: each changes.appliesTo is a complete superset of the base array, and the computed additions equal the declared appliesToAdded. The concurrency instruction (union-merge with the ezekiel-woh diff, renumber if it lands first) is sound."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:michael-as-israels-prince-angel-dan-10-13-21-12-1-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"+REV-WOH-12:7; 'Michael' as a proper noun."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:christos-māšîaḥ-anointed-one-cross-corpus-greek-hebrew-aramaic","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"+REV-WOH-12:10 'his Christ' (Ps 2:2 title)."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:iēsous-yehoshua-yhwh-saves-folk-etymology-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"+REV-WOH-12:17 'Jesus'."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[],"lensLeakageCheck":"Every English line was checked: all 146 lines, and specifically the 21 reception-note sites (7:3, 8:1, 8:7, 8:8, 8:10, 8:12, 9:1, 9:5, 9:9, 9:13, 9:18, 10:4, 10:7, 12:12, 13:18, 16:18, 16:20, 16:21, 21:1, 21:2, 21:3). A script found no Elohim, Yahweh, YHWH, craft, missile, atomic, nuclear, planet, Eternals, loudspeaker or similar lens vocabulary in any line. The only hits were 'ship(s)' (8:9 ploia; worship) and 'Israel' (substring 'rael'), both benign. Each Wheel of Heaven reading sits in its own headed paragraph labelled 'reception note, not a translation claim'. Each was verified against LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:155-228), FR and EN. No line resolves an ambiguity in the canon's direction: the visionary hōs/homoios markers are kept (8:8; 9:7-10), 'the number of a man' stays open (13:18), 'breastplates' is used rather than the canon's French 'thorax' (9:9), 'pit of the abyss' is kept (9:1), and theos is 'God' where the canon's English has 'Yahweh'/'Elohim' (9:13; 21:2-4). Where the line and the canon's English diverge, the line follows the Greek critical text, and at 8:7 that text agrees with the canon's French.","escalationReportAdjustments":"Initial verdicts on all 146 verses, the 10 overlay entries touched and the 13 diff ops were formed from the chapters, the SBLGNT sources (including the sigla-bearing Rev.txt in the scratchpad), the overlay, the diff and the 2.80.0 base before opening wave-r2-editor-report.md. After reading the report, no verdict changed. The report's Founder point C lists the KJV-wording variants named in commentary (8:7, 9:13, 10:4, 21:2, 21:3 'his people ... their God', 21:4). It omits 21:3 'out of heaven', which confirms the reviewer's 21:3 revise. Its 9:13 request ('the Reviewer should verify this against the NA28 apparatus') was met as far as possible: the SBLGNT marker confirms a collated edition reads tessarōn, and the corrected attribution agrees with the reviewer's reading of Metzger. The printed NA28 apparatus was not available, so this is recorded as unverified at the sigla level, not as a defect. The report's 'All other lines are the Translator's draft, unchanged' was confirmed by diffing against the rev_r2 backup: only 16:3 and 16:9 differ.","founderDecisionRecommendations":{"A-theion-sulfur":"Endorse. LXX theion = gophrit (Gen 19:24), BDAG 'sulfur', NRSV 'sulfur' at all four sites; the central entry already renders the Revelation lake passages 'sulfur'. The canon's English 'brimstone' (9:18) is recorded.","B-theos-God-not-Yahweh-Elohim":"Endorse firmly. theos does not render the Tetragrammaton, the canon's own French has 'Dieu', and chapters 1, 4, 6 are signed off with 'God'. Writing 'Yahweh' would translate the canon's English edition, not the Greek.","C-critical-text-over-KJV-wording":"Endorse. Complete the inventory: add 21:3 'out of heaven' (TR ek tou ouranou) and 16:18 (NA28 singular; TR order 'voices, thunders, lightnings'); correct 8:7 to say the omission is a TR reading, not the Byzantine majority's. Optionally name 16:3 zōsa and 21:4 hoti.","D-names-and-scope-rule":"Endorse, and support promotion to a central Greek-NT convention. Add the explicit criterion (apply where the central English is also a correct rendering of the Greek lexeme; background where it imports a Hebrew-specific form), which explains chayyot at 7:11 and gophrit for theion.","E-exousia":"Endorse. The context rule follows BDAG's sense division and RSV/NRSV practice; 16:9 'authority over' aligns with 6:8 and 13:7. Uniform 'authority' would read badly at 9:10, 19.","F-16:3-living-being":"Endorse. 'soul' for sea creatures imports a personal sense; 'living being' keeps the noun and the nep̄eš ḥayyâ echo.","G-doulos-servants":"Endorse. Keeps the signed-off 1:1/6:11 and the canon's English 'servants'; the French 'esclaves' is recorded.","H-pit-of-the-abyss":"Endorse. ASV structure; matches the canon's French 'le puits de l'abîme'.","I-Har-magedon":"Endorse. ASV form, follows the SBLGNT/NA28 rough breathing, keeps har visible without deciding the etymology.","J-12:18-versification":"Endorse. P47, Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus read estathē, and SBLGNT/NA28 number it 12:18 (Metzger on 12:18). The ASV 13:1a alignment is a tooling task (orchestrator follow-up 2), not a translation issue."},"summary":"18 verdicts: 18 approve. 12:18 versification endorsed."}}, "segments": [], "lines": [], "paragraphs": [{ "n": 1, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:1", "text": "And a great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and on her head a crown of twelve stars;" },{ "n": 2, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:2", "text": "and she was with child; and she cries out in birth pains, in agony to give birth." },{ "n": 3, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:3", "text": "And another sign appeared in heaven; and behold, a great fiery red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads seven diadems." },{ "n": 4, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:4", "text": "And his tail sweeps away a third of the stars of heaven, and he cast them to the earth. And the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that when she gave birth he might devour her child." },{ "n": 5, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:5", "text": "And she gave birth to a son, a male child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron; and her child was caught up to God and to his throne." },{ "n": 6, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:6", "text": "And the woman fled into the wilderness, where she has a place prepared by God, so that there they may nourish her for a thousand two hundred and sixty days." },{ "n": 7, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:7", "text": "And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fighting against the dragon. And the dragon and his angels fought," },{ "n": 8, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:8", "text": "and he did not prevail, nor was their place found any longer in heaven." },{ "n": 9, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:9", "text": "And the great dragon was cast down, the ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world; he was cast down to the earth, and his angels were cast down with him." },{ "n": 10, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:10", "text": "And I heard a loud voice in heaven saying: \"Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God and the authority of his Christ, for the accuser of our brothers has been cast down, who accuses them before our God day and night." },{ "n": 11, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:11", "text": "And they conquered him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony, and they did not love their life even unto death." },{ "n": 12, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:12", "text": "Therefore rejoice, O heavens, and you who dwell in them! Woe to the earth and the sea, for the devil has come down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has but a short time.\"" },{ "n": 13, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:13", "text": "And when the dragon saw that he had been cast down to the earth, he persecuted the woman who had given birth to the male child." },{ "n": 14, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:14", "text": "And the two wings of the great eagle were given to the woman, so that she might fly into the wilderness to her place, where she is nourished for a time and times and half a time, away from the face of the serpent." },{ "n": 15, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:15", "text": "And the serpent cast water like a river out of his mouth after the woman, so that he might cause her to be carried away by the river." },{ "n": 16, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:16", "text": "And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed up the river that the dragon had cast out of his mouth." },{ "n": 17, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:17", "text": "And the dragon was enraged at the woman, and went away to make war with the rest of her seed, those who keep the commandments of God and hold the testimony of Jesus." },{ "n": 18, "refId": "REV-WOH-12:18", "text": "And he stood upon the sand of the sea." } ] }, "links": { "self": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/chapters/12", "book": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/", "chapters": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/chapters/", "library": "/v1/library/", "schema": "/v1/schema/book/" } }