{ "apiVersion": "v1", "kind": "Chapter", "metadata": { "generated": "2026-11-01T13:37:55Z", "language": "en", "book": "revelation-woh", "chapter": 9 }, "data": { "n": 9, "bookSlug": "revelation-woh", "bookCode": "REV-WOH", "refId": "", "title": "Revelation 9 — The fifth and sixth trumpets: the star, the abyss, the locusts + the horsemen from the Euphrates", "translation": {"track":"translation","version":"1.0.0","sourceText":"Koine Greek New Testament — SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT), ed. Michael W. Holmes (Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010), printed text with the variant-marker sigla removed. Primary uncial witnesses for Revelation: Codex Sinaiticus (א/01) and Codex Alexandrinus (A/02), with Ephraemi Rescriptus (C/04) and P47/P115 where extant; Codex Vaticanus (B/03) does not contain Revelation in its original hand. Variants against NA28 and the Byzantine/Textus Receptus tradition are reported in the verse commentary (overlay convention sblgnt-base-text-variant-reporting-convention-revelation).","sourceLicense":"CC BY 4.0 (SBLGNT, Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software)","sourceUrl":"https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT (data/sblgnt/text/Rev.txt)","sourceAccessedVia":"SBLGNT GitHub repository (LogosBible/SBLGNT), fetched 2026-11-01 into source-grc-9.json; reference translation ASV 1901 (hosted edition data-library/revelation/chapter-9.json), KJV for Textus Receptus comparison","verificationStatus":"editor pass complete (2026-11-01); Reviewer pass complete 2026-11-01 (reviewer-approved); pending founder sign-off; central glossary 2.81.0 pending application of wave-r2-central-diff.json","glossaryVersion":"2.81.0","overlayGlossaryVersion":"1.2.0","modelDrafts":["claude-opus-5-5 (translator)","claude-opus-5-5 (editor)"],"reviewer":"zarazinsfuss","reviewedAt":"2026-11-01T14:00:00Z","status":"stable","reviewerReport":{"reviewer":"claude-opus-5-5 acting as woh-reviewer","reviewedAt":"2026-11-01T12:25:02Z","verdicts":[{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:1","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. abyssos","LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:175-178)"],"reasoning":"astera ek tou ouranou peptōkota eis tēn gēn (perfect participle: 'that had fallen'); hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou 'the key of the pit of the abyss' (ASV). The canon's English quotes KJV 'bottomless pit'; its French 'le puits de l'abîme' matches the line. Reception note verified; no leakage."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:2","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"ēnoixen to phrear tēs abyssou ... hōs kapnos kaminou megalēs ... eskotōthē ho hēlios kai ho aēr. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:3","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. exousia","RSV/NRSV Rev 9:3, 10, 19"],"reasoning":"edothē autais exousia hōs echousin exousian hoi skorpioi tēs gēs: 'power' for the natural capacity compared to scorpions is defensible (ASV, RSV) and governed by the overlay exousia rule."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:4","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"errethē autais hina mē adikēsousin (future) ... ei mē tous anthrōpous hoitines ouk echousi tēn sphragida tou theou. 'but only those people' renders ei mē. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:5","status":"approve","citations":["LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:181-184)"],"reasoning":"edothē autois (masc. by sense) hina mē apokteinōsin autous, all' hina basanisthēsontai mēnas pente. Exact. Reception note (aircraft, radiation) verified and confined to the labelled paragraph; the line keeps 'locusts', 'scorpion'."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:6","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"zētēsousin ... ou mē heurēsousin ... pheugei (present) ho thanatos. The tense shift is kept. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:7","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"ta homoiōmata tōn akridōn homoia hippois ...; hōs stephanoi homoioi chrysō 'what seemed crowns like gold'. Every comparison marker preserved."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:8","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"trichas hōs trichas gynaikōn; hoi odontes autōn hōs leontōn ēsan. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:9","status":"approve","citations":["LSJ s.v. thōrax","BDAG s.v. thōrax","LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:187, 190)"],"reasoning":"thōrakas hōs thōrakas sidērous: 'breastplates' (all major versions) with the anatomical sense recorded in commentary; the canon's French 'thorax' reading stays in the reception note. Disputed only against the canon's French; the conventional rendering is the defensible one. No leakage."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:10","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. exousia"],"reasoning":"echousin ouras homoias skorpiois kai kentra, kai en tais ourais autōn hē exousia autōn adikēsai: 'power' located in the tails, per the overlay rule; agrees with ASV, RSV and the canon's English."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:11","status":"approve","citations":["Aune, WBC 52B, ad loc.","Koester, AB 38A, ad loc."],"reasoning":"basilea ton angelon tēs abyssou; onoma autō Hebraisti Abaddōn, kai en tē Hellēnikē onoma echei Apollyōn. Both names transliterated as in all versions; Apollo wordplay correctly hedged ('possibly')."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:12","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"Hē ouai hē mia apēlthen; idou erchetai eti dyo ouai. 'first' for mia and the singular verb noted. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:13","status":"approve","citations":["Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (2nd ed. 1994), on Rev 9:13","SBLGNT (variant marker before tōn keratōn)","LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:191-193)"],"reasoning":"phōnēn mian ek tōn keratōn tou thysiastēriou tou chrysou tou enōpion tou theou: SBLGNT omits tessarōn and the line follows. The SBLGNT marker confirms an edition reads the word (Robinson-Pierpont at least), consistent with the Editor's corrected attribution (P47, A, Sinaiticus corrector omit; Sinaiticus first hand and Byzantine include) and with Metzger's 'evenly balanced' and NA28's brackets. Reviewer could not check the printed NA28 apparatus in this session; the corrected attribution agrees with the reviewer's reading of Metzger, and a founder spot-check is optional. theos 'God' against the canon's English 'Yahweh' is correct. Reception note (loudspeakers) verified; no leakage."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:14","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"legonta tō hektō angelō, ho echōn tēn salpinga: nominative solecism noted; Lyson ... epi tō potamō tō megalō Euphratē. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:15","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"hoi hētoimasmenoi eis tēn hōran kai hēmeran kai mēna kai eniauton: one article over four nouns, one appointed moment, as the note says. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:16","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"dismyriades myriadōn 'twice ten thousand times ten thousand' (ASV); ēkousa ton arithmon autōn. Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:17","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. theion","LXX Gen 19:24 (theion kai pyr)","NRSV Rev 9:17"],"reasoning":"thōrakas pyrinous kai hyakinthinous kai theiōdeis; ek tōn stomatōn ... pyr kai kapnos kai theion. 'sulfur' (NRSV; LXX equivalent of gophrit) for KJV/ASV 'brimstone' is lexically exact; 'of hyacinth' keeps the 21:20 link. 'in the vision' as the book's sole horasis correctly noted."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:18","status":"approve","citations":["LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:195-198)","BDAG s.v. theion"],"reasoning":"apo tōn triōn plēgōn toutōn apektanthēsan to triton tōn anthrōpōn, ek tou pyros kai tou kapnou kai tou theiou. Exact; 'sulfur' per gophrit extension. Reception note (jet engines, warheads) verified; the line renders kephalai/ourai in their ordinary sense."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:19","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. exousia"],"reasoning":"hē gar exousia tōn hippōn en tō stomati autōn estin kai en tais ourais autōn: 'power' per the overlay rule (RSV/NRSV). Exact."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:20","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"oude metenoēsan ek tōn ergōn tōn cheirōn autōn, hina mē proskynēsousin ta daimonia kai ta eidōla ... 'so as not to worship' renders the result/purpose hina with future. Defensible (ASV 'that they should not worship')."},{"refId":"REV-WOH-9:21","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. pharmakon"],"reasoning":"phonōn ... pharmakōn ... porneias ... klemmatōn. 'sorceries', 'fornication' (ASV) defensible; the idolatry metaphor is the stated reason for 'fornication' over 'sexual immorality'."}],"glossaryReview":[{"glossary_id":"sblgnt-base-text-variant-reporting-convention-revelation","status":"revise","citations":["SBLGNT (Holmes 2010) variant markers at Rev 16:18 and 21:3, and their absence at 8:7, 10:4, 12:17, 16:7, 21:2","Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (2nd ed. 1994)","KJV Rev 8:7; 16:18; 21:3"],"reasoning":"claim_type direct is right: the entry declares which text is translated and how variants are reported. Three accuracy fixes. (1) The 8:7 omission is a Textus Receptus (minority) reading, not that of the Byzantine majority text, which the SBLGNT apparatus shows agreeing with SBLGNT; rephrase wherever 'Byzantine' is said there. (2) Add 21:3 'out of heaven' (TR ek tou ouranou, quoted by the canon's English) to the wohChoice list of KJV-wording variants, and 16:18 (NA28 singular anthrōpos egeneto; TR order 'voices, thunders, lightnings'). (3) Add REV-WOH-16:18's NA28 divergence to the 'NA28 bracketed or divergent readings reported' sentence. The decision itself stands."},{"glossary_id":"theos-god-rendering-against-canon-english-yahweh-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. theos","LXX usage: kyrios for the Tetragrammaton, theos for ʾĕlōhîm","LWTE ch. 2 (FR 'Dieu' at 9:13, 21:2-4)"],"reasoning":"Direct is correct: theos never renders the Tetragrammaton in the LXX or NT, the canon's French reads 'Dieu' at every site, and published chapters 1, 4, 6 use 'God'. The canon's English 'Yahweh'/'Elohim' is recorded in reception notes without entering the line."},{"glossary_id":"greek-nt-proper-names-and-hebrew-scoped-entries-convention-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.vv. diabolos, Satanas, Abaddōn, Harmagedōn","Aune, WBC 52B, ad loc. 12:9"],"reasoning":"Direct is correct for a presentation and scope convention. Recommendation (non-blocking): state the scope criterion explicitly. Hebrew-text central entries are applied to a Greek line when their English choice is also a correct rendering of the Greek lexeme (chayyot 'living creatures' at 7:11; gophrit 'sulfur' for theion). They are background only where applying them would import a Hebrew-specific form or sense (Yisra'el, 'the adversary', 'the deep'). Without that sentence the 7:11 chayyot ref and the gophrit extension look like exceptions to rule (4)."},{"glossary_id":"exousia-authority-power-rendering-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. exousia","RSV/NRSV Rev 9:3, 10, 19 ('power'); 13:2-12 ('authority')"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: BDAG separates the capability and jurisdiction senses, Revelation sets dynamis beside exousia at 13:2, and exousia epi + accusative is uniformly 'authority over' (6:8, 13:7, 16:9). The 16:9 line change follows the construction, not the lens."},{"glossary_id":"abyssos-pit-of-the-abyss-rendering-revelation","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.v. abyssos","Aune, WBC 52B, ad loc. 9:1"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: the ASV structure keeps phrear as a separate noun, the Second Temple sense of abyssos (place of confinement) is correctly distinguished from LXX təhôm, and the canon's French 'puits de l'abîme' matches."},{"glossary_id":"foundation-stones-gem-names-rev-21-19-20","status":"approve","citations":["BDAG s.vv.","Pliny, NH 37.120","Aune, WBC 52C, ad loc. 21:19-20"],"reasoning":"Direct is defensible: traditional names in the line, uncertain mineral identifications in commentary, and 'carnelian' continues the published 4:3."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:version-2.80.0-to-2.81.0","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"2.80.0 to 2.81.0 minor bump is correct: 12 appliesTo extensions, no wohChoice change. Every op was checked against 2.80.0: each changes.appliesTo is a complete superset of the base array, and the computed additions equal the declared appliesToAdded. The concurrency instruction (union-merge with the ezekiel-woh diff, renumber if it lands first) is sound."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:gophrit-va-esh-destruction-formula","status":"approve","citations":["LXX Gen 19:24 (theion kai pyr)","BDAG s.v. theion","NRSV Rev 9:17-18; 21:8 ('sulfur')"],"reasoning":"The base rationale already renders the Revelation 'lake of fire and sulfur' passages (14:10; 19:20; 20:10; 21:8) with 'sulfur'. Extending appliesTo to 9:17, 9:18 and 21:8, and adding G2303/G2306 to strongs, records an existing decision; it does not make a new one. Under the reviewer's proposed scope criterion this is a legitimate application to Greek, not background."},{"glossary_id":"central-diff:qarnot-ha-mizbeach-horns-of-the-altar-cross-corpus","status":"approve","citations":[],"reasoning":"+REV-WOH-9:13; literal 'the horns of the golden altar'."}],"lens-leakage-flags":[],"lensLeakageCheck":"Every English line was checked: all 146 lines, and specifically the 21 reception-note sites (7:3, 8:1, 8:7, 8:8, 8:10, 8:12, 9:1, 9:5, 9:9, 9:13, 9:18, 10:4, 10:7, 12:12, 13:18, 16:18, 16:20, 16:21, 21:1, 21:2, 21:3). A script found no Elohim, Yahweh, YHWH, craft, missile, atomic, nuclear, planet, Eternals, loudspeaker or similar lens vocabulary in any line. The only hits were 'ship(s)' (8:9 ploia; worship) and 'Israel' (substring 'rael'), both benign. Each Wheel of Heaven reading sits in its own headed paragraph labelled 'reception note, not a translation claim'. Each was verified against LWTE ch. 2 (LWTE-2:155-228), FR and EN. No line resolves an ambiguity in the canon's direction: the visionary hōs/homoios markers are kept (8:8; 9:7-10), 'the number of a man' stays open (13:18), 'breastplates' is used rather than the canon's French 'thorax' (9:9), 'pit of the abyss' is kept (9:1), and theos is 'God' where the canon's English has 'Yahweh'/'Elohim' (9:13; 21:2-4). Where the line and the canon's English diverge, the line follows the Greek critical text, and at 8:7 that text agrees with the canon's French.","escalationReportAdjustments":"Initial verdicts on all 146 verses, the 10 overlay entries touched and the 13 diff ops were formed from the chapters, the SBLGNT sources (including the sigla-bearing Rev.txt in the scratchpad), the overlay, the diff and the 2.80.0 base before opening wave-r2-editor-report.md. After reading the report, no verdict changed. The report's Founder point C lists the KJV-wording variants named in commentary (8:7, 9:13, 10:4, 21:2, 21:3 'his people ... their God', 21:4). It omits 21:3 'out of heaven', which confirms the reviewer's 21:3 revise. Its 9:13 request ('the Reviewer should verify this against the NA28 apparatus') was met as far as possible: the SBLGNT marker confirms a collated edition reads tessarōn, and the corrected attribution agrees with the reviewer's reading of Metzger. The printed NA28 apparatus was not available, so this is recorded as unverified at the sigla level, not as a defect. The report's 'All other lines are the Translator's draft, unchanged' was confirmed by diffing against the rev_r2 backup: only 16:3 and 16:9 differ.","founderDecisionRecommendations":{"A-theion-sulfur":"Endorse. LXX theion = gophrit (Gen 19:24), BDAG 'sulfur', NRSV 'sulfur' at all four sites; the central entry already renders the Revelation lake passages 'sulfur'. The canon's English 'brimstone' (9:18) is recorded.","B-theos-God-not-Yahweh-Elohim":"Endorse firmly. theos does not render the Tetragrammaton, the canon's own French has 'Dieu', and chapters 1, 4, 6 are signed off with 'God'. Writing 'Yahweh' would translate the canon's English edition, not the Greek.","C-critical-text-over-KJV-wording":"Endorse. Complete the inventory: add 21:3 'out of heaven' (TR ek tou ouranou) and 16:18 (NA28 singular; TR order 'voices, thunders, lightnings'); correct 8:7 to say the omission is a TR reading, not the Byzantine majority's. Optionally name 16:3 zōsa and 21:4 hoti.","D-names-and-scope-rule":"Endorse, and support promotion to a central Greek-NT convention. Add the explicit criterion (apply where the central English is also a correct rendering of the Greek lexeme; background where it imports a Hebrew-specific form), which explains chayyot at 7:11 and gophrit for theion.","E-exousia":"Endorse. The context rule follows BDAG's sense division and RSV/NRSV practice; 16:9 'authority over' aligns with 6:8 and 13:7. Uniform 'authority' would read badly at 9:10, 19.","F-16:3-living-being":"Endorse. 'soul' for sea creatures imports a personal sense; 'living being' keeps the noun and the nep̄eš ḥayyâ echo.","G-doulos-servants":"Endorse. Keeps the signed-off 1:1/6:11 and the canon's English 'servants'; the French 'esclaves' is recorded.","H-pit-of-the-abyss":"Endorse. ASV structure; matches the canon's French 'le puits de l'abîme'.","I-Har-magedon":"Endorse. ASV form, follows the SBLGNT/NA28 rough breathing, keeps har visible without deciding the etymology.","J-12:18-versification":"Endorse. P47, Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus read estathē, and SBLGNT/NA28 number it 12:18 (Metzger on 12:18). The ASV 13:1a alignment is a tooling task (orchestrator follow-up 2), not a translation issue."},"summary":"21 verdicts: 21 approve. The 9:13 tessarōn attribution matches the reviewer's reading of Metzger and the SBLGNT marker; printed-NA28 sigla not checked in-session."}}, "segments": [], "lines": [], "paragraphs": [{ "n": 1, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:1", "text": "And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star that had fallen from heaven to the earth, and the key of the pit of the abyss was given to him." },{ "n": 2, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:2", "text": "And he opened the pit of the abyss, and smoke went up out of the pit like the smoke of a great furnace, and the sun and the air were darkened by the smoke of the pit." },{ "n": 3, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:3", "text": "And out of the smoke came locusts upon the earth, and power was given to them, as the scorpions of the earth have power." },{ "n": 4, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:4", "text": "And they were told not to harm the grass of the earth or any green thing or any tree, but only those people who do not have the seal of God on their foreheads." },{ "n": 5, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:5", "text": "And it was given to them not to kill them, but that they should be tormented five months; and their torment was like the torment of a scorpion when it strikes a man." },{ "n": 6, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:6", "text": "And in those days people will seek death and will by no means find it; and they will long to die, and death flees from them." },{ "n": 7, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:7", "text": "And the shapes of the locusts were like horses prepared for war; and on their heads were what seemed crowns like gold, and their faces were like the faces of men," },{ "n": 8, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:8", "text": "and they had hair like the hair of women, and their teeth were like lions' teeth," },{ "n": 9, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:9", "text": "and they had breastplates like breastplates of iron, and the sound of their wings was like the sound of chariots, of many horses running into war;" },{ "n": 10, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:10", "text": "and they have tails like scorpions, and stings, and in their tails is their power to harm people for five months." },{ "n": 11, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:11", "text": "They have as king over them the angel of the abyss; his name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek he has the name Apollyon." },{ "n": 12, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:12", "text": "The first woe has passed; behold, two woes are still to come after these things." },{ "n": 13, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:13", "text": "And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the horns of the golden altar that is before God," },{ "n": 14, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:14", "text": "saying to the sixth angel, the one who had the trumpet: \"Release the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates.\"" },{ "n": 15, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:15", "text": "And the four angels were released, who had been prepared for the hour and day and month and year, to kill a third of mankind." },{ "n": 16, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:16", "text": "And the number of the troops of cavalry was twice ten thousand times ten thousand; I heard their number." },{ "n": 17, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:17", "text": "And thus I saw the horses in the vision and those seated on them: they had breastplates of fire and of hyacinth and of sulfur; and the heads of the horses were like the heads of lions, and out of their mouths come fire and smoke and sulfur." },{ "n": 18, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:18", "text": "By these three plagues a third of mankind was killed, by the fire and the smoke and the sulfur coming out of their mouths." },{ "n": 19, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:19", "text": "For the power of the horses is in their mouth and in their tails; for their tails are like serpents, having heads, and with them they do harm." },{ "n": 20, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:20", "text": "And the rest of mankind, who were not killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so as not to worship demons and idols of gold and of silver and of bronze and of stone and of wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk;" },{ "n": 21, "refId": "REV-WOH-9:21", "text": "and they did not repent of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts." } ] }, "links": { "self": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/chapters/9", "book": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/", "chapters": "/v1/library/books/revelation-woh/chapters/", "library": "/v1/library/", "schema": "/v1/schema/book/" } }