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  "id": "charlesworth-good-evil-serpent",
  "title": "The Good and Evil Serpent: How a Universal Symbol Became Christianized",
  "description": {
    "en": "James H. Charlesworth's 2010 Yale University Press study — the most substantial recent academic treatment of serpent symbolism across the ancient Mediterranean and Near East, documenting the widespread positive (wisdom, healing) valuation of serpents before the Christian negative reading. Supports the corpus's wisdom-serpent / chaos-serpent distinction."
  },
  "authored_by": [
    "James H. Charlesworth"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Serpent",
    "Symbolism",
    "Comparative Religion",
    "Iconography"
  ],
  "stance": "neutral",
  "source_type": "academic_monograph",
  "publish_date": "2010",
  "source_family": "criticism",
  "relation_to_wheel": "scholarly_context",
  "licensing_status": "licensed",
  "follow_url": "https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300140828/the-good-and-evil-serpent/"
},
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}