{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Source",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-09-12T06:52:38Z",
    "language": "en",
    "schemaUrl": "/v1/schema/source/"
  },
  "data": {
  "id": "williams-mahayana-buddhism",
  "title": "Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations",
  "description": {
    "en": "Paul Williams's standard 2008 Routledge survey of Mahāyāna Buddhist doctrine, including the beginningless cycle of saṃsāra and the cosmology of innumerable world-systems and kalpas. The corpus engages it for the Buddhist beginningless-cycle framework that parallels the Cosmic Chain's 'no first creator' position."
  },
  "authored_by": [
    "Paul Williams"
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Buddhism",
    "Saṃsāra",
    "Cyclic Cosmology",
    "Kalpa"
  ],
  "stance": "neutral",
  "source_type": "academic_monograph",
  "publish_date": "2008",
  "source_family": "supplementary",
  "relation_to_wheel": "comparative_primary",
  "licensing_status": "licensed",
  "follow_url": "https://www.routledge.com/"
},
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/sources/williams-mahayana-buddhism/",
    "canonical_html": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/sources/williams-mahayana-buddhism/",
    "index": "/v1/sources/",
    "schema": "/v1/schema/source/",
    "traditions": "/v1/sources/traditions/"
  }
}