{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Translation",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
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  "data": {
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    {
      "file": "chapter-1.json",
      "n": 1,
      "lines": 79,
      "segments": 4,
      "title": "Adapa and the South Wind — the lost-immortality myth; the Ea-deception crux"
    }
  ],
  "code": "ADP-WOH",
  "lineCount": 79,
  "segmentCount": 4,
  "primaryLang": "akk",
  "originalLang": "akk",
  "publicationYear": 2026,
  "refId": "ADP-WOH",
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  "slug": "adapa-woh",
  "titles": {
    "en": "Adapa and the South Wind",
    "de": "Adapa und der Südwind",
    "es": "Adapa y el Viento del Sur",
    "fr": "Adapa et le Vent du Sud",
    "ja": "アダパと南風",
    "ko": "아다파와 남풍",
    "ru": "Адапа и Южный Ветер",
    "zh": "阿达帕与南风",
    "zh-Hant": "阿達帕與南風",
    "akk": "Adapa"
  },
  "versionTitles": {
    "en": "Wheel of Heaven Translation",
    "de": "Wheel-of-Heaven-Übersetzung",
    "es": "Traducción Wheel of Heaven",
    "fr": "Traduction Wheel of Heaven",
    "ja": "ホイール・オブ・ヘブン訳",
    "ko": "휠 오브 헤븐 번역",
    "ru": "Перевод Wheel of Heaven",
    "zh": "Wheel of Heaven 译本",
    "zh-Hant": "Wheel of Heaven 譯本"
  },
  "shortVersionTitles": {
    "en": "WoH, 2026",
    "de": "WoH, 2026",
    "es": "WoH, 2026",
    "fr": "WoH, 2026",
    "ja": "WoH, 2026",
    "ko": "WoH, 2026",
    "ru": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh-Hant": "WoH, 2026"
  },
  "versionSource": "Best-effort reconstruction from named scholarly editions (Knudtzon 1915 PD for Frag A; Picchioni 1981; Izre'el 2001 LSU 10; Foster 2005 Before the Muses 3rd ed)",
  "sourceCitation": "Izre'el, S., Adapa and the South Wind: Language Has the Power of Life and Death (Mesopotamian Civilizations 10, Winona Lake 2001) — the modern critical edition; Foster, B. R., Before the Muses, 3rd ed. (Bethesda 2005), pp. 525-530; Picchioni 1981; Knudtzon 1915 (PD) for Fragment A.",
  "versionLicense": "CC0-1.0",
  "priority": 6,
  "wohCurated": true,
  "verificationStatus": "best-effort-reconstruction-pending-verification",
  "subtitles": {
    "en": "The Akkadian wisdom-and-lost-immortality myth — Adapa breaks the wing of the South Wind by speech-act; Anu summons him to heaven; Ea instructs him to refuse the food and water Anu will offer; Adapa refuses what was actually food/water of life; humanity loses immortality"
  },
  "descriptions": {
    "en": "An English translation of the Akkadian composition Adapa and the South Wind, produced from a best-effort reconstruction of the transliteration based on named scholarly editions (verification pending against Izre'el 2001 LSU 10). **The project's first Akkadian-source text.** Adapa is preserved in 4 fragments: Fragment A (Old/Middle Babylonian, found at Tell el-Amarna as letter EA 356, ~13 lines) opens with Ea's creation of Adapa as a paradigm wisdom-figure granted wisdom but not eternal life. Fragment B (Neo-Assyrian, K.8214+ from the Kuyunjik library at Nineveh, ~64-75 lines preserved) narrates the main story: Adapa fishing on the sea, the South Wind capsizing his boat, his breaking the South Wind's wing by speech-act curse, the seven-day calm, Anu's summons to heaven, Ea's instructions (refuse the food/water offered, claiming they are food/water of death), the gate-keeping with Dumuzi and Gizzida, Anu's offer of what is actually food/water of LIFE, Adapa's refusal per Ea's coaching, and the resulting return of Adapa to mortal earth. Fragments C and D are small (Late Babylonian); D preserves the catchline. The text pairs with Genesis 3:22 / the tree-of-life motif on the lost-immortality theme: in Adapa, humanity REFUSES the divine food and loses immortality; in Genesis, humanity EATS the divine food and loses immortality. The Ea-deception-or-misadvice crux (did Ea deliberately deceive Adapa to prevent humanity's apotheosis, or did Ea simply not know?) is the central interpretive question of Adapa scholarship and the philosophical-theological centerpiece of Izre'el's 2001 critical edition (subtitle: 'Language Has the Power of Life and Death').",
    "verificationNote": "This translation is produced from a best-effort reconstruction of the Akkadian transliteration. The sense of each line is well-attested across multiple scholarly editions and should match downstream English faithfully. Verification of the precise sign-by-sign Akkadian transliteration against Izre'el 2001 LSU 10 is pending; corrections welcome."
  },
  "revision": 2,
  "updated": "2026-06-02T00:00:00+00:00"
},
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    "canonical_html": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/adapa-woh/",
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}