{
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  "kind": "Translation",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "schemaUrl": "/v1/schema/translation/"
  },
  "data": {
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "chapterCount": 1,
  "chapterFiles": [
    {
      "file": "chapter-1.json",
      "n": 1,
      "lines": 141,
      "title": "Enki and Ninmah — humans crafted from clay; the defective-births contest"
    }
  ],
  "code": "ENM-WOH",
  "lineCount": 141,
  "primaryLang": "sux",
  "originalLang": "sux",
  "publicationYear": 2026,
  "refId": "ENM-WOH",
  "schema": [
    "composition",
    "lines"
  ],
  "schemaLabels": {
    "en": [
      "Composition",
      "Line"
    ]
  },
  "slug": "enki-and-ninmah-woh",
  "titles": {
    "en": "Enki and Ninmah",
    "de": "Enki und Ninmah",
    "es": "Enki y Ninmah",
    "fr": "Enki et Ninmah",
    "ja": "エンキとニンマフ",
    "ko": "엔키와 닌마",
    "ru": "Энки и Нинмах",
    "zh": "恩基与宁玛",
    "zh-Hant": "恩基與寧瑪",
    "sux": "den-ki u3 dnin-maḫ"
  },
  "versionTitles": {
    "en": "Wheel of Heaven Translation",
    "de": "Wheel-of-Heaven-Übersetzung",
    "es": "Traducción Wheel of Heaven",
    "fr": "Traduction Wheel of Heaven",
    "ja": "ホイール・オブ・ヘブン訳",
    "ko": "휠 오브 헤븐 번역",
    "ru": "Перевод Wheel of Heaven",
    "zh": "Wheel of Heaven 译本",
    "zh-Hant": "Wheel of Heaven 譯本"
  },
  "shortVersionTitles": {
    "en": "WoH, 2026",
    "de": "WoH, 2026",
    "es": "WoH, 2026",
    "fr": "WoH, 2026",
    "ja": "WoH, 2026",
    "ko": "WoH, 2026",
    "ru": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh-Hant": "WoH, 2026"
  },
  "versionSource": "https://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=c.1.1.2",
  "sourceCitation": "Black, J.A., Cunningham, G., Robson, E., and Zolyomi, G., The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford 1998-2006. Source text c.1.1.2 used as transliteration base; English translation and all WoH content original to this project.",
  "versionLicense": "CC0-1.0",
  "priority": 6,
  "subtitles": {
    "en": "The Sumerian human-creation text: gods grind clay, place breath/word into it, and Enki and Ninmah contest over crafting bodies and assigning fates"
  },
  "descriptions": {
    "en": "An English translation of the Sumerian composition Enki and Ninmah (ETCSL 1.1.2), produced from the ETCSL composite transliteration. The composition opens with the antediluvian period when the lesser gods toiled at digging canals; Namma the primordial mother brings their lament to Enki, who instructs the grinding of clay above the abzu to create humans to bear the gods' labor; Ninmah and Enki then contest over the assignment of fates to defective bodies. The text is the Mesopotamian counterpart to Genesis 1-2 on human crafting, and pairs with Atraḫasīs on the humans-as-relief-of-divine-toil motif. Per-line commentary documents lexical decisions, ETCSL philological options, and cross-corpus links to the Hebrew Bible (Gen 1-2, Job 10:8-9), Atraḫasīs, and Enūma Eliš VI. The Wheel of Heaven's first Sumerian translation."
  },
  "revision": 2,
  "updated": "2026-06-01T00:00:00+00:00"
},
  "links": {
    "self": "/v1/translations/enki-and-ninmah-woh/",
    "library": "/v1/library/books/enki-and-ninmah-woh/",
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}