{
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "kind": "Translation",
  "metadata": {
    "generated": "2026-08-22T14:14:13Z",
    "language": "en",
    "schemaUrl": "/v1/schema/translation/"
  },
  "data": {
  "schemaVersion": 2,
  "chapterCount": 3,
  "chapterFiles": [
    {
      "file": "chapter-21.json",
      "n": 21,
      "paragraphs": 5,
      "title": "Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ 1–5 — The Prophets: the eschatological reckoning draws near"
    },
    {
      "file": "chapter-54.json",
      "n": 54,
      "paragraphs": 1,
      "title": "Sūrat al-Qamar 1 — The Moon: the Hour draws near and the moon was split"
    },
    {
      "file": "chapter-56.json",
      "n": 56,
      "paragraphs": 10,
      "title": "Sūrat al-Wāqiʿah 15–24 — The Inevitable: the companions of the right and the paradisal reception"
    }
  ],
  "paragraphCount": 16,
  "publicationYear": 2026,
  "revision": 3,
  "versionLicense": "CC0-1.0",
  "priority": 5,
  "wohCurated": true,
  "verificationStatus": "best-effort-reconstruction-pending-verification",
  "updated": "2026-06-03T00:00:00+00:00",
  "code": "QUR-WOH",
  "slug": "quran-woh",
  "refId": "QUR-WOH",
  "primaryLang": "arb",
  "originalLang": "arb",
  "schema": [
    "book",
    "suras",
    "ayahs"
  ],
  "schemaLabels": {
    "en": [
      "Book",
      "Sūra",
      "Ayah"
    ]
  },
  "titles": {
    "en": "Qur'an (early-manuscript selection)",
    "de": "Koran (Auswahl aus frühen Handschriften)",
    "es": "Corán (selección de manuscritos tempranos)",
    "fr": "Coran (sélection des manuscrits anciens)",
    "ja": "クルアーン（古写本抜粋）",
    "ko": "꾸란 (초기 사본 선별)",
    "ru": "Коран (выборка из ранних рукописей)",
    "zh": "古兰经（早期手稿节选）",
    "zh-Hant": "古蘭經（早期手稿節選）",
    "arb": "القرآن"
  },
  "versionTitles": {
    "en": "Wheel of Heaven Translation",
    "de": "Wheel-of-Heaven-Übersetzung",
    "es": "Traducción Wheel of Heaven",
    "fr": "Traduction Wheel of Heaven",
    "ja": "ホイール・オブ・ヘブン訳",
    "ko": "휠 오브 헤븐 번역",
    "ru": "Перевод Wheel of Heaven",
    "zh": "Wheel of Heaven 译本",
    "zh-Hant": "Wheel of Heaven 譯本"
  },
  "shortVersionTitles": {
    "en": "WoH, 2026",
    "de": "WoH, 2026",
    "es": "WoH, 2026",
    "fr": "WoH, 2026",
    "ja": "WoH, 2026",
    "ko": "WoH, 2026",
    "ru": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh": "WoH, 2026",
    "zh-Hant": "WoH, 2026"
  },
  "versionSource": "Best-effort reconstruction from earliest-attested Hijazi-script manuscripts: Tübingen Fragment Ma VI 165 (radiocarbon-dated 649-675 CE) for Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ; Codex Parisino-petropolitanus (BnF Arabe 328 + St. Petersburg / Birmingham / Vatican fragments, late 7th c. CE Hijazi script) for Sūrat al-Qamar and Sūrat al-Wāqiʿah. Modern Cairo recension (1924 King Fuad edition) supplied as reference text for the rasm-to-vocalized comparison.",
  "sourceCitation": "Sadeghi, Behnam, and Bergmann, Uwe, 'The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurʾān of the Prophet' (Arabica 57, 2010, pp. 343-436) — the foundational radiocarbon and codicological study of the Sanʿāʾ 1 palimpsest. Sadeghi, Behnam, and Goudarzi, Mohsen, 'Sanʿāʾ 1 and the Origins of the Qurʾān' (Der Islam 87, 2010, pp. 1-129) — the transcription of the Sanʿāʾ 1 lower text. Hilali, Asma, The Sanaa Palimpsest: The Transmission of the Qur'an in the First Centuries AH (Oxford 2017). Déroche, François, Qur'ans of the Umayyads (Brill 2014) and La transmission écrite du Coran dans les débuts de l'islam: le codex Parisino-petropolitanus (Brill 2009). Neuwirth, Angelika, Scripture, Poetry, and the Making of a Community: Reading the Qur'an as a Literary Text (Oxford 2014). Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.), The Qur'ān in Its Historical Context (Routledge 2008/2011, 2 vols). Corpus Coranicum project (Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities) for the digital comparative apparatus.",
  "subtitles": {
    "en": "Suras 21:1–5, 54:1, 56:15–24 — the three citations the Raëlian canon engages, sourced from the oldest known Hijazi-script Qur'anic manuscripts (mid-7th c. CE)"
  },
  "descriptions": {
    "en": "An English translation of three short Qur'anic passages — Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ 1–5, Sūrat al-Qamar 1, and Sūrat al-Wāqiʿah 15–24 — produced from the **rasm** (bare consonantal skeleton) of the earliest-attested Hijazi-script Qur'anic manuscripts (mid-to-late 7th c. CE, radiocarbon-dated). **The project's first Islamic-tradition text** and **first Arabic-source text**. The three passages are the only Qur'anic passages the Raëlian canon engages with chapter-and-verse precision (in *Extra-Terrestrials Took Me To Their Planet*).\n\n**The early-manuscript approach.** Rather than working from the modern Cairo recension (1924 King Fuad edition, the standard printed Qur'an based on the late-medieval *Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim* reading-tradition), this translation works from the rasm of the earliest-surviving Qur'anic manuscript-witnesses. The rasm is the bare consonantal skeleton — no dots distinguishing letters of similar shape (*iʿjām*), no vowel marks (*tashkīl*) — that constitutes the manuscript's actual scribal content. The dots and vowel marks were added to Qur'anic manuscripts over the course of the 8th–10th centuries CE; the underlying rasm in the earliest manuscripts is substantially what was copied in the 7th century.\n\n**Sources per sura.** Sūrat al-Anbiyāʾ 1–5 is sourced from Tübingen Fragment Ma VI 165 (Hijazi script; radiocarbon-dated 649–675 CE, within 17–43 years of the traditional Uthmanic codification c. 650 CE; contains Suras 17–36) with cross-collation against Codex Parisino-petropolitanus (BnF Arabe 328 et al.; Hijazi, late 7th c.). Sūrat al-Qamar 1 and Sūrat al-Wāqiʿah 15–24 are sourced from Codex Parisino-petropolitanus.\n\n**Verification status.** This is a best-effort reconstruction from published facsimiles and the Corpus Coranicum digital apparatus; verification against the original manuscript codicology and the full Sadeghi–Goudarzi 2010 / Hilali 2017 / Déroche 2009 / Déroche 2014 apparatus is pending. Variants where the early manuscripts differ from the modern Cairo recension are documented per ayah.\n\n**The textual-criticism context.** The Qur'an's textual transmission is genuinely scholarly-contested in modern manuscript studies. The Sadeghi-Goudarzi 2010 thesis frames the early manuscripts as evidence of an early canonical text with limited variation. The Hilali 2017 thesis frames the Sanʿāʾ 1 palimpsest evidence as showing 'transmission in flux' during the first century AH. Earlier scholarship (Wansbrough 1977, Crone-Cook 1977) proposed later-canonization frameworks that more recent manuscript discoveries have substantially nuanced. This translation preserves the textual-criticism dispute rather than adjudicating it.\n\n**The Raëlian-canon citation context.** *Extra-Terrestrials Took Me To Their Planet* cites Sura 21:1–5, Sura 54:1, and Sura 56:15–24. The WoH-Translation pipeline produces the philologically-disciplined version of these passages from the earliest manuscript-witnesses, with explicit operational disavowals against the Raëlian-canon's pre-filtered readings (Sura 54:1 *inshiqāq al-qamar* read as 'ET propulsion event'; Sura 56:15–24 read against the orientalist-houris stereotype with the canon's paradisal-reception framing layered on top) — acknowledgment-without-endorsement, per the Shi'ur Qomah *parasangs* precedent.",
    "verificationNote": "This translation is produced from a best-effort reconstruction of the rasm based on published facsimiles of Tübingen Ma VI 165 and Codex Parisino-petropolitanus, and the Corpus Coranicum digital apparatus. The rasm is well-attested for the target ayahs and stable across the early Hijazi-script witnesses. Verification of the precise letter-skeleton against the original codicology (Tübingen UB; BnF Paris; National Library of Russia St. Petersburg; Cadbury Research Library Birmingham; BAV Vatican) is pending. Variants where the early manuscripts differ from the modern Cairo recension are noted per ayah; the Hafs reading-tradition is supplied as the reference vocalized text.",
    "scriptNote": "Three layers per ayah are preserved in the source file: (1) the **rasm** (bare consonantal skeleton from the earliest manuscript, no dots, no vowel marks — what the scribe actually wrote, before letter-discrimination dots and vowel-marks were added); (2) the **modern vocalized Arabic** (Hafs ʿan ʿĀṣim reading-tradition, Cairo recension 1924) supplied as the reference vocalization; (3) **scientific transliteration** (DMG / ALA-LC convention). The early manuscripts also lack ayah-numbering marks; the divisions follow the standard Cairo enumeration.",
    "lensRiskNote": "Qur'an translation carries a distinctive lens-risk landscape: (a) the Raëlian canon's explicit citations of these three passages — Sura 54:1 *inshiqāq al-qamar* 'splitting of the moon' read as ET-propulsion-event in *Extra-Terrestrials Took Me To Their Planet*; Sura 56:15-24 read against the orientalist-houris-stereotype with the WoH paradisal-reception layered on top; (b) the Sitchin/Anunnaki-engineered-Allah reading (popular-fringe; explicitly disavowed); (c) Christian-supersessionist pre-resolution (no 'hour-draws-near = Day of the Lord' Christian-typology pre-resolution); (d) orientalist-stereotyping of Sura 56's *ḥūr al-ʿīn* (the 'wide-eyed' paradise-companions); (e) the manuscript-criticism dispute (Wansbrough vs Crone-Cook vs Sadeghi-Goudarzi vs Hilali) preserved-not-adjudicated. The WoH-Translation engages Islam respectfully and technically; the Editor and Reviewer pipeline produces named-scholarship attributions at every claim site."
  }
},
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    "canonical_html": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/quran-woh/",
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